1. Theories of Human Development
Chapter 2

2. Developmental Theories and the Issues They Raise
Yesterday you defined development and create your own life-span periods.
According to the book, the following is part of a good developmental theory. As we read them think about the answers from yesterday.
Internally consistent
Falsifiable
Supported by data
If theory fail to meet evaluation criteria needs to be revised or discarded.

3. Issues With Human Development

4. Freud: Psychoanalytic Theory The theoretical perspective associated with Freud and his followers that emphasizes unconscious motivations for behavior, conflicts within the personality, and stages of psychosexual development.
(Parrish, 2016)
(McLeod, 2013)

5. Psychoanalytic Theories Cont.
Defense Mechanisms
(McLeod, 2013)

7. Learning Theories
Classical Conditioning – A type of learning in which a stimulus that initially had no effect on the individual comes to elicit a response because of its association with a stimulus that already elicits the response.
John B. Watson “Little Watson Study”
Operant Conditioning – A learner’s behavior become either more or less probable depending on the consequences it produces.
B.F. Skinner
Positive Punishment - The process in operant conditioning whereby a
response is strengthened when its consequence is a pleasant event.
Negative Punishment- The process in operant conditioning in which a response is
weakened or made less probable when its consequence is the removal of a pleasant stimulus from the situation.

9. Bandura: Social Cognitive Theory
Social Cognitive Theory (formerly called Social Learning Theory)
Albert Bandura
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10. Piaget: Cognitive Developmental Theory

11. References
McLeod, S. (2013). Sigmund Freud. Retrieved January 7, 2017, from
Parrish, P. (2016). Personality (or lack of) focusing on: Freudian, humanistic, social cognitive and trait theories. [PowerPoint Slide]. Retrieved February 21, 2017, from