1. Teambuilding Tuesday
Share your favorite super hero and why OR share what super power you would want to have and why

2. THE CRUSADES
“To take up the Cross”

3. UNIT THEMES The reasons and causes for the Crusades as a whole
The reasons and causes for each individual Crusade
The results and effects of the Crusades
How we understand the Crusades as Catholics

4. Background
Feudal System Bellicose Society and Culture Impending threat of Muslims/ Muslim occupation of the Holy Land. Immensely strong religious duties and bond to Christendom Great Schism just happened in 1054

5. Pope Urban II call to Crusade 1095
Read Pope Urban II’s address at Clermont.
Why is he calling for a Crusade?
Who is his audience ;who is this call to?
What is happening to Christians in the east?

6. DEUS VULT!

7. Causes for the Crusades
Protect the Eastern Rite Catholic churches
Regain the Holy Land
Shrines, Relics, Holy Places, etc.
Counter Muslim threat

8. Why go on Crusade as an individual?
Service to country and Religion
Adventure
Looking to increase wealth and/or status
Plenary Indulgence (removal of effects of sin)
Chance for martyrdom (straight to heaven if you die)
Pilgrimage to the Holy Land
Duty (Feudal System)

9. The First Crusade
Byzantine Emperor asked Pope Urban II for help against Seljuk (Turkish) Muslims
Pope Urban II called the Council of Clermont in 1095
Crusade called to reclaim Byzantine territory and “free Jerusalem”
Seen as an act of faith in Jesus, a way to promote Christian unity and protect pilgrims.
Lords and nobles answered the call, not kings.
Battle cry: “Deus vult” (God wills it)
Battle dress: a cross of red fabric

11. Battle of Antioch

14. First Crusade Conclusion
SUCCESS!!!
Jerusalem is captured, Christians now have control of the Holy Land!
Divided into 4 new fiefs:
Kingdom of Jerusalem
County of Tripoli
County of Edessa,
Principality of Antioch
Access to Holy Land!

15. Outremer States Difficult to control
Many Christians went back to Europe
Military Orders created to help.
Mixing of Muslim and Christian culture.

16. Second Crusade
City of Edessa is attacked by Muslims – Christians respond. King Louis VII (France) & Emperor Conrad II (Holy Roman Empire/Germany) lead the 2nd Crusade. Set out to capture Damascus in order to defend Jerusalem. FAILURE – Thought to be due to the sins and moral laxity of Christendom

18. Third Crusade
Saladin- Great Muslim leader who has united his people and preaches jihad against the Christians. Takes Jerusalem in 1187 Christians respond with the 3rd Crusade! Richard the Lionhearted (England), Emperor Frederick Barbarossa (Germany), King Philip (France). SUCCESS?!... Sort of: Richard the Lionhearted and Saladin make a Truce. Christians are granted safe and tax free passage to the Holy Land.

21. Fourth Crusade 1201-1204 Christians sack Constantinople! WHY?!
Crusaders indebted to Venetian traders
Political reasons
Misguided emotions and anger.
- Did not help the East and West conflict…

23. Other Crusades Unofficial Crusades
People’s Crusade – Peter the Hermit encouraged the regular people of Europe to go on Crusade and free the Holy Land  most were killed
Children’s Crusade – 1000s of children were encouraged by their parents to walk to Jerusalem and free it  most starved to death as they walked towards the ocean, others were sold into slavery

24. Other Crusades Crusades 5-9 Peoples Crusade Children’s Crusade Wendish
Northern Crusades
Albigensian
Aragonese

25. Military Orders Knights Templar Protected pilgrims as the traveled.
Knights Hospitaller Took care of pilgrims and Crusaders.

26. Effects of the Crusades
Positive
Negative
1. Renewed Christian faith, 2. Strengthened the influence of the Papacy and the Church 3. Promoted knighthood and chivalry 4. United Christians 5. Eastern products: paper, silk, spices; Developed international trade and travel 6 . Recovery of relics, land and Churches 7. Arabic numerals 8. Warded off Muslim Invasion
1. The abuses of some of the Crusaders gave the Church a bad name 2. The attack upon fellow Christians in Constantinople made bad feelings between East and West worse (4th Crusade) 3. The unsuccessful Crusades made some Christians bitter 4. The Crusades were not permanently successful