1. How to break the learning tasks into manageable learning
Task Analysis
How to break the learning tasks into manageable learning
Knox Twilight Forum , Tuesday 9th March

2. Task analysis refers to the step-by-step analysis of tasks.
It is the process by which a task is broken down into its component parts.
Knox Twilight Forum , Tuesday 9th March

3. We break the task down into smaller chunks, that is,
we dissect the task into smaller (sometimes minute) individual steps that are achievable for the individual student.
Knox Twilight Forum , Tuesday 9th March

4. Identify the most important steps of the task.
Goal:
Jane will greet her classmates individually with the words “Hello (John) during daily morning circle.
Identify the most important steps of the task.
List these steps in sequence.
Knox Twilight Forum , Tuesday 9th March

5. Goal
Entry Skill
Jane will greet her classmates individually with the words “Hello (John) during daily morning circle.
With verbal prompts Jane is able to give her peers eye contact for short periods of time. She will repeat “Hello John” after the teacher.
Knox Twilight Forum , Tuesday 9th March

6. Hello cards with name and photo used in morning circle routine.
Steps:
Students named photos-home and class set. Practise identifying students by name.
Hello cards with name and photo used in morning circle routine.
Modified picture-name cards introduced.
Picture name-cards phased out.
Knox Twilight Forum , Tuesday 9th March

7. John Harry James Jane Annie Hazel
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8. Hello Hazel Hello Harry
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9. Harry
Hazel
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10. With physical assistance Jane is able to
Design, Creativity and Technology goal
Goal
Entry Skill
Jane will use simple tools and equipment to cut, join and shape materials.
With physical assistance Jane is able to
cut A4 card vertically using spring-loaded scissors.
apply paste to art paper
roll out play dough using a roller.
Knox Twilight Forum , Tuesday 9th March

11. What do I want Jane to do by the end of the year?
Independently cut on straight and curved lines.
Independently glue two surfaces together using paste and brush.
Independently glue two surfaces together using a glue stick.
Independently roll, cut & shape playdough.
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12. Cutting goal Assistance given to – Cut paper vertically
Cut along a 5 cm straight line
Cut on a curved line around a pictograph
Prompts given for the above
Fade prompts to independence
Knox Twilight Forum , Tuesday 9th March

13. Chaining:
Chaining is a technique that teaches each specific step within the sequence itself. Forward chaining moves a student from the first step of a task to the end. Backward chaining moves a student from the last part of a task to the beginning.
Knox Twilight Forum , Tuesday 9th March

14. The decision to use either forward chaining or backward chaining is dependent on the student and the task.
An analysis of the task and the student’s ability level will help decide which chaining method is the best method of teaching the task.
Chaining is helpful when students need to learn a routine task that is repetitive.
Knox Twilight Forum , Tuesday 9th March

15. Each step in the sequence is taught from the beginning to the end.
Forward chaining
Each step in the sequence is taught from the beginning to the end.
When the first step is learned we move to the second step.
The second step is taught by adding it to the first step
Once these two steps are mastered the third step is taught in conjunction with the first two steps.
Knox Twilight Forum , Tuesday 9th March

16. Each step must be mastered before the next step is added.
Forward chaining
Each step must be mastered before the next step is added.
If a student is unable to complete a step in the sequence, the teacher must analyse that step to see what changes need to be made in the chaining sequence.
Knox Twilight Forum , Tuesday 9th March

17. Dressing Undies on Pants on T-shirt on Windcheater on Socks on
Shoes on
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18. Backward chaining
The backward chaining technique involves the same process as forward chaining, but the teaching process begins at the end of the sequence and moves to the beginning.
Knox Twilight Forum , Tuesday 9th March

19. Steps in backward chaining: Identify the target behavior.
Task analyse the behavior to determine each individual step.
Teach the last identified step in the skill.
When the final step is mastered teach the next-to-last step.
As each successive step is mastered, add the previous step in the skill series.
Knox Twilight Forum , Tuesday 9th March

20. Place the paper towel in the bin.
Hand washing
Place the paper towel in the bin.
Dry hands–back, palm, between fingers.
Take paper towel from dispenser.
Turn off the tap.
Put hands under running water and rinse
Lather hands- all over as above
Depress soap dispenser, add soap.
Wet hands with water.
Turn on the tap.
Knox Twilight Forum , Tuesday 9th March

21. Website http://www.bridges4kids.org.IEP/iep.goal.bank.pdf
Knox Twilight Forum , Tuesday 9th March