1. _______ _________
__ ___ ______ _______

2. Wrote the Communist Manifesto in 1848
Karl Marx
Wrote the Communist Manifesto in 1848

3. Communism A political and economic ideology
Government ownership of all land and property
A classless society where wealth is distributed according to people’s needs
A single political party controlled by the government
The country’s needs are always more important than the individual

4. Bolsheviks
Communists rebels who overthrew the Russian government in Nov. 1917
Russian word for “majority”
Led by Vladimir Lenin
Their emblem was a red flag
Their army was called the Red Army

5. Vladimir Lenin –Leader of 1917 Bolshevik Revolution in Russia

6. The Red Scare
An intense fear of communism and other radical political ideas that spread through the U.S. in the 1920’s
Triggered by Communist take-over of Russia and Hungary and labor strikes in the U.S.
Suspected communists were arrested and charged with sedition
Many were jailed, removed from office, or exiled

7. Sedition
Any action or language that incites rebellion against the authority of the government

8. People who oppose any form of political authority6
Anarchists
People who oppose any form of political authority

9. The Palmer Raids January, 1920 Attorney General, A. Mitchell Palmer
Justice Department conducted a series of raids to arrest “radicals” and “subversives”
Over 6,000 people arrested
Many immigrants and aliens
No search or arrest warrants
Some detained without being charged
100’s deported

10. Bartolomeo Vanzetti & Nicola Sacco

11. Sacco-Vanzetti Trial April 1920 – Braintree, MA
Guard and paymaster at a shoe factory were robbed and killed
2 Italian immigrants were arrested
Convicted and sentenced to death
Many believed that it was fear of their radical anarchist political beliefs that led to an unfair verdict
April Both were electrocuted after years of appeals

12. How did Americans business owners keep American workers from striking or revolting against capitalism?

13. Welfare Capitalism
In order to prevent more labor strikes, employers began to improve conditions by offering
Higher wages
Paid vacations
Health insurance
English classes

14. Warren G. Harding 29th President 1921 – 1923 Republican From Ohio
Campaign called for a return to “normalcy”

15. “Normalcy”
Harding’s suggestion that the U.S. wished to return to a calm, normal way of life after the stressful events of the previous decade, such as Progressive reform activity and World War I.

16. Harding’s Policies
Isolationism – U.S. would not join the League of Nations
Disarmament – nations should voluntarily give up their weapons
Immigration restrictions
Tariffs raised to protect American business from foreign competition

17. Teapot Dome Scandal
Harding’s Secretary of the Interior, Albert Fall, gave drilling rights on government owned naval oil fields in Wyoming to 2 private oil companies
Received nearly $400,000 illegally
No evidence that Harding was involved
Fall was fined $100,000 and sentenced to a year in prison

18. Whom is this cartoonist blaming for the Teapot Dome scandal?

19. Calvin Coolidge 30th President 1923 - 1929 Republican Massachusetts
VP under Harding - Takes office when Harding dies in Aug. 1923
continued

20. Calvin Coolidge A man of few words – “Silent Cal”
“The chief business of the American people is business.”
Took a laissez-faire approach to business
The government should leave business alone and let it grow

21. Kellogg-Briand Pact
Agreement written by U.S. Secretary of State, Kellogg, and French Foreign Minister, Briand
60 nations pledged not to use the threat of war against each other

22. The Economy Booms

23. An economy that depends on a large amount of spending by consumers
Consumer Economy
An economy that depends on a large amount of spending by consumers

24. Consumer Economy Cycle

25. GNP Increased Gross National Product
The measure of a country’s productivity
The total value of goods and services produced annually

26. New Electric Gadgets Available to the American Consumer
Radios
Toasters
Vacuum cleaners
Sewing machines
Refrigerators
Coffee pots
Ovens
Irons

27. Housework Made Easier

28. And what was the greatest invention of the age?

29. Henry Ford 1896 – invented the quadricycle
1899 – started the Detroit Automobile Company – made 22 cars
1900 – business failed

30. Henry Ford
1901 – There were over 50 companies making cars, but only the wealthy could afford them
Ford wanted to “democratize” the automobile” by making them cheaper
1903 – Started the Ford Motor Company
Mass produced the Model T using assembly line production

31. Assembly Line
A process in which each worker completes a single specific task in the production process
At the end of the line, the product is complete
Ford’s assembly line produced a Model T every 24 seconds

32. How did Americans afford all these new toys?

33. Installment Plans
Manufacturers attracted consumers by allowing payments over time
Items most likely bought on credit:
Cars
Furniture
Vacuum cleaners, radios, refrigerators
Washing machines

34. Speculation
The practice of making high-risk investments in hopes of getting a huge return
The rapid rise of stock prices throughout the 1920’s convinced people that they could “get rich quick”

35. Buying on Margin
Common people with little money would buy stocks by putting 10 – 50 percent down and borrowing the rest owed
If the stocks went down in price, the investor still owed the full amount for them plus the interest on the loan

36. Herbert Hoover 31st President 1929 – 1933 Republican New York
Continued to keep government out of business