1. ARDUINO DC MOTR SPEED CTL
SUBMITTED BY
EDGEFX TEAM

2. ABSTRACT
The speed of motor is directly proportional to the DC voltage applied across its terminals.
PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) wave can be used to control the speed of the motor
The average voltage given or the average current flowing through the motor will change depending on the ON and OFF time of the pulses
The duty cycle of the wave controls its speed . On changing the duty cycle (ON time), we can change the speed

3. BLOCK DIAGRAM

4. HARD WARE EQUIPMENTS POWER SUPPLY ARDUINO MOTOR DRIVER DC MOTOR PWM
PUSH BUTTONS
LCD
1N4007
LED
RESISTORS & CAPACITORS

6. EMBEDDED SYSTEMS Definition for :- EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
A combination of hardware and software which together
form a component of a larger machine.
An example of an embedded system is a microprocessor that
controls an automobile engine.
An embedded system is designed to run on its own without
human intervention, and may be required to respond to
events in real time.

7. EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

8. ARDUINO
The Arduino microcontroller is an easy to use yet powerful single board computer that has gained considerable traction in the hobby and professional market.
The Arduino is open-source, which means hardware is reasonably priced and development software is free.

9. Image of development board

10. Features of Duemalinove
The Duemalinove board features an Atmel ATmega328 microcontroller operating at 5 V with 2 Kb of RAM, 32 Kb of flash memory for storing programs and 1 Kb of EEPROM for storing parameters.
The clock speed is 16 MHz, which translates to about executing about 300,000 lines of C source code per second

11. …..contd
The Arduino programming language is a simplified version of C/C++. If you know C, programming the Arduino will be familiar.
If you do not know C, no need to worry as only a few commands are needed to perform useful functions.

12. PWM
The PWM switching frequency has to be much faster than what would affect the load, which is to say the device that uses the power.
The term duty cycle describes the proportion of on time to the regular interval or period of time;
a low duty cycle corresponds to low power, because the power is off for most of the time. Duty cycle is expressed in percent, 100% being fully on.

13. PWM APPLICATIONS Telecommunications Power delivery Voltage regulation
Audio effects and amplification.

14. LED LEDs are semiconductor devices are made out of silicon
When current passes through the LED, it emits photons as a byproduct. Normal light bulbs produce light by heating a metal filament until its white hot
LEDs present many advantages over traditional light sources including lower energy consumption, longer lifetime, improved robustness, smaller size and faster switching

15. DC- MOTOR
A DC motor is an electric motor that runs on direct current (DC) electricity. In any electric motor, operation is based on simple electromagnetism.
A simple 2-pole DC electric motor (here red represents a magnet or winding with a "North" polarization, while green represents a magnet or winding with a "South" polarization).
Every DC motor has six basic parts -- axle, rotor (a.k.a., armature), stator, commutator, field magnet(s), and brushes.

16. MOTOR DRIVER (L293D) Wide supply-voltage range: 4.5V to 36V
Features:
Wide supply-voltage range: 4.5V to 36V
Separate input- logic supply
Internal ESD protection
Thermal shutdown
High-Noise-Immunity input
Functional Replacements for SGS L293 and SGS L293D
Output current 1A per channel (600 mA for L293D)
Peak output current 2 A per channel (1.2 A for L293D)
Output clamp diodes for Inductive Transient suppression(L293D)

17. DESCRIPTION
L293D is a dual H-bridge motor driver integrated circuit (IC).
In its common mode of operation, two DC motors can be driven simultaneously, both in forward and reverse direction.
The motor operations of two motors can be controlled by input logic at pins 2 & 7 and 10 & 15.
Input logic 00 or 11 will stop the corresponding motor. Logic 01 and 10 will rotate it in clockwise and anticlockwise directions, respectively.
Enable pins 1 and 9 (corresponding to the two motors) must be high for motors to start operating. When an enable input is high, the associated driver gets enabled

18. LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY (LCD)
Most common LCDs connected to the microcontrollers are 16x2 and
20x2 displays.
This means 16 characters per line by 2 lines and 20 characters per line
by 2 lines, respectively.
The standard is referred to as HD44780U, which refers to the controller
chip which receives data from an external source (and communicates
directly with the LCD.

19. LCD BACKGROUND
If an 8-bit data bus is used the LCD will require 11 data lines
(3 control lines plus the 8 lines for the data bus)
The three control lines are referred to as EN, RS, and RW
EN=Enable (used to tell the LCD that you are sending it data)
RS=Register Select (When RS is low (0), data is treated as a command)
(When RS is High(1), data being sent is text data )
R/W=Read/Write (When RW is low (0), the data written to the LCD)
(When RW is low (0), the data reading to the LCD)

20. BIBILOGRAPHY www.arduino.cc www.atmel.com www.beyondlogic.org

21. THANK ‘Q’