1. What are the key issues and events that led to the Civil War? Day 1
Slavery
States’ Rights
Nullification
Missouri Compromise
Compromise of 1850
Georgia Platform
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Dred Scott Case
Election of 1860
Debate over the Secession in Georgia
Role of Alexander Stephens

2. Differences
As the United States grew, clear differences showed up between the NORTH and the SOUTH.
◊Political
◊Cultural
◊Economic
◊Social

3. SOUTH
Agriculture
Fertile Soil
Warmer Climate
Plantations
Farms
Rural
Self Sufficient
Expect Little Government Help

4. NORTH Industry Rocky Soil Colder Climate Factories Cities Urban
Interdependent
Expect More Government Help

5. Resources of the North & South

9. POPULATION
(22,300,000)
5,100,000
Non-Slaves
4,000,000
Slaves

10. Changes in Cotton Production
1820
1860

11. Value of Cotton Exports As % of All US Exports

12. Causes of Civil War (8 Ss) Slavery States’ Rights Structure (Classes)
Solvency
(Ability to Pay Debt)
Style
Slavery
Sectionalism
Selection of
Lincoln
Secession

13. Causes of the Civil War States’ Rights Structure (Classes)
Solvency (Ability to Pay Debt)
Style (Urban vs. Rural)
Slavery
Sectionalism
Selection of Lincoln
Secession

14. States’
Rights

15. Believed that states had the right to rule themselves
SOUTH
Believed that states had the right to rule themselves
NORTH
Believed in a strong national government

16. SOUTH
Government created by the states.
States have the right to reject laws that would hurt them.
Since states voluntarily joined the Union, they could voluntarily leave –secede.
NORTH
Government created by the people.
Only the Supreme Court can declare a law unconstitutional.
Only the people of the US could dissolve the Union. Attempting to destroy the Union was treason.

17. Even though the United States had been established decades earlier, many people still felt that the states should have FINAL AUTHORITY, not the federal government.
vs.

18. Structure

19. PLANTERS FARMERS WITH SLAVES FREE BLACKS SLAVES
MERCHANTS & “People of Letters”
YEOMAN FARMERS & POOR WHITES
FREE BLACKS
SLAVES

20. Southern Population

21. Solvency

22. Based on factories, mining, banks, stores, and railroads.
SOUTH
Based on agriculture, including cotton, tobacco, and rice. Cotton was shipped north to make cloth and thread.
NORTH
Based on factories, mining, banks, stores, and railroads.

23. Southern Agriculture

24. Made in Northern United States
Tariffs
Made in Northern United States
Made in Great Britain
+$20 Import Tax
Cost = $50
Cost = $70

25.  Northerners wanted to sell their goods in the South, but it was often cheaper for Southerners to buy things from Europe.
 To help Northern industries, President Andrew Jackson put a tariff (taxes on imports) on imported goods in 1828.
 This made European goods very expensive, so Southerners would have to buy from Northern States.

26. South
Favored low tariffs because they bought so many goods from other countries.
North
Favored high tariffs on goods from other countries so goods manufactured in North cost less and would outsell foreign goods.

27. Nullification Controversy
Nullify = to declare invalid.
Many people, including Georgians, wanted to NULLIFY the federal tariff, saying that it was not valid in their state.

28. South Carolina Threatens to Secede!
Because a new tariff was too high.
Began to arm themselves and hold practice drills.

29. Compromise Tariff Law Reduced Tariff over a 10 year period.
Please South Carolinians.
Protests Ended.

30. Panic of 1857 Depression hit the country
Before this time, Northern Industrialists built their factories with borrowed money.
Nearly 5,000 went bankrupt.
Factory owners asked Congress to pass higher tariffs to stop British goods from being sold in the United States.
Debates followed…

31. Style

32. South
RURAL
Had few large cities other than Richmond, Charleston, Savannah, Augusta.
North
URBAN
Had a number of large cities offering museums, opera, lectures, theaters.

35. South
No formal educational system in the South. Private tutors or school abroad were options for upper class. Some community schools but teachers were not usually trained. Some state-chartered universities such as UGA.
North
Many private schools, including church-sponsored schools, accepted both boys and girls. Some private schools were open to both. Private universities such as Brown, Harvard, and Yale were opening.