Turhan Özler M.D Assistant Professor

Turhan Özler M.D Assistant Professor
TRAUMA Turhan Özler M.D Assistant Professor Yeditepe University Faculty of Medicine Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology

Trauma A serious bodily injury or shock, as from violence or an accident

Trauma Treatment starts from the time of injury First aid Transfer

First Aid First aid - the care given before emergency medical help arrives – It can literally mean the difference between life and death.

First aid A: Airway, Clear the airway
B:Breathing, Breathe for the person C:Circulation, Restore blood circulation D:Disability/Deficit, Look for neurologic impairment and cause E:Exposure, Take off unnecessary clothes for wounds

First aid Before all, Is the person conscious or unconscious?
If the person appears unconscious, tap or shake his or her shoulder and ask loudly, "Are you OK?" If the person doesn't respond, call 112

First aid You have to give position to the patient
Realese tie ,scarf or neclace

First aid Clear the airway Check for spontaneus breathing

First aid Open airway tract
Do not extend neck in a trauma patient unless a cervical fracture could be

First aid Check pulse from caroid artery

First aid If there is neither breathing nor hearth beating is observed, start CPR by mouth-to-mouth/mouth-to-nose rescue brathing

First aid Place the heel of one hand over the 2-3 cm above the end of sternum Place your other hand on top of the first hand. Keep your elbows straight and position your shoulders directly above your hands.

First aid Use your upper body weight (not just your arms) as you push straight down on (compress) the chest 1 1/2 to 2 inches Give two compressions per second, or about 100 compressions per minute.

First aid If there is another person, let her/him to help you
CPR can be so long and tiring

First aid Numbers Rescue breathing alone: 12-20/per minute
Compression alone /per minute CPR alone: 1 rescue breath 15 compression/2 rescue breath 30 compression CPR with helper: 2 rescue breathing 15 compression

First aid When we will stop CPR TIME DOES NOT MATTER Never unless
You obtain spontaneus breathing and circulation Ambulance arrived Get really exhausted TIME DOES NOT MATTER

First Aid for Fracture What will you do when you see this

First Aid for Fracture In a trauma scene first look for “ABCDE”
If all is OK check for orthopaedic injuries Spinal, thoracal, pelvic and extremity fractures row for importance If there is a break in the skin surface, it can be rinsed to remove any visible dirt or other potential contamination. However, vigorous flushing or scrubbing of the wound should be avoided.

First Aid for Fracture The broken bones immobilised with either a splint or string. Rolls of newspaper or strips of wood can be used. It is impotant to immobilize the area both above and below the injured bone.

First Aid for Amputation
Put a tourniquet proximal to the wound Clean the wound if needed with saline or water İf bleeding continues, put pressure on the beelding part with gause or clean cloth continuesly

First Aid for Amputation
Never live the amputate behind, it can be replanted Never put the amputate in ice alone. Put it in wet gauses and wrap it in a waterproof bag and put that bag into ice bag Time is important

Orthopedic Trauma What is fracture
A break, rupture or crack in bone or cartilage

How to describe a fracture
Location Name of the bone Position with in the bone Proximal Mid Distal

Open / Closed Complete / Incomplete Simple / Comminuted Description of Change In Anatomical Position

OPEN/CLOSED Closed No break in the skin Open (Compound) Part of the bone protrudes through the skin

COMPLETE/INCOMPLETE Complete All cortical surfaces disrupted Incomplete

COMPLETE/INCOMPLETE Complete Incomplete Greenstick break of one cortical margin only due to tension Buckle Plastic bowing fracture

COMPLETE/INCOMPLETE Complete Incomplete Greenstick Buckle buckling of cortex due to compression Plastic bowing fracture Cortical Buckle

COMPLETE/INCOMPLETE Complete Incomplete Greenstick Buckle Plastic bowing fracture microfractures but no gross visible fracture line Plastic Bowing

SIMPLE / COMMINUTED Simple Single fracture line resulting in two bone fragments Comminuted

SIMPLE / COMMINUTED Simple Comminuted More than two fracture fragments

DIRECTION Transverse Spiral

DESCRIPTION OF CHANGE IN ANATOMICAL POSITION Length Distraction Shortening over-riding impacted Displacement Undisplaced Varus,valgus.anterior,posterior Angulation Rotation

DESCRIPTION OF CHANGE IN ANATOMICAL POSITION Length Distraction Shortening over-riding impacted Displacement Undisplaced Varus,valgus.anterior,posterior Angulation Rotation Distracted patella

DESCRIPTION OF CHANGE IN ANATOMICAL POSITION Length Distraction Shortening over-riding impacted Displacement Undisplaced Varus,valgus.anterior,posterior Angulation Rotation

DESCRIPTION OF CHANGE IN ANATOMICAL POSITION Length Distraction Shortening over-riding impacted Displacement Undisplaced Varus,valgus.anterior,posterior Describe direction of movement of the distal part of the bone Angulation Rotation

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Turhan Özler M.D Assistant Professor

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