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The American Civil War: 1861-1865
A House Divided The American Civil War:
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African Americans & Slavery
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Statistics North: 1860 South: 1860 8 million whites
500,000 blacks 499,982 free 18 slave (NJ) Vocal minority were abolitionists Whites viewed blacks as inferior. Tough restrictions on free blacks. Whites had little personal experience with blacks 8 million whites 385,000 slaveholders or 4.8% 4 million blacks 261,988 free blacks 3,738,012 slave 28% free blacks owned slaves MI & SC=over 50% population was slave
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Arguments Regarding Slavery
Proslavery Antislavery Slaves are property; a business investment Slaves are better off; cared for by owners Free blacks would compete w/white laborers for jobs The Bible endorses slavery. Slavery is morally wrong Slavery harmed society
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Slavery For Against Northern Industrialists Southern Planters
Gag Rule, 1836 Fugitive Slave Act Dred Scot v Sanford Sumner-Brooks Incident Wilmot Proviso John Brown & Sons William Lloyd Garrison, The Liberator Harriet Beecher Stowe, Uncle Tom’s Cabin Personal Liberty Laws Underground RR-Harriett Tubman
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Compromises Missouri Compromise, 1820 Compromise of 1850
Kansas-Nebraska Act
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Short-term Causes of War
Uncle Tom’s Cabin, 1852 Bleeding Kansas, 1856 Dred Scot v Sanford, 1857 Harper’s Ferry, 1859 Lincoln elected Pres., Nov. 6, 1860 South Carolina secedes, Dec. 20, 1860 CSA formed, Feb. 1861 Fort Sumter fired upon, April 12, 1861 Civil War begins, April 15, 1861
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Anaconda Plan Union Plan Cut off Southern ports on the Atlantic Ocean
Cut off Mississippi River/Port of New Orleans by seizing Vicksburg Squeeze South in middle until they surrender
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Emancipation Proclamation, September1862
Freed all slaves in States of Rebellion
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Home Front: Paying for the War
North South Income tax/tariffs Sale of government bonds “Greenbacks” Sale of western lands (Homestead Act, 1862) Blockade Runners Contraband Paper $$$
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Both sides: Home Front Seized private property Suspended habeas corpus
Instituted conscription Used “nurses” for the 1st time
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1861 Clara Barton
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Turning Points of the War
Union Vicksburg, MI, 1863 Implemented the Anaconda Plan Battle of Gettysburg, PA, 1863 3-day battle Bloodiest battle of Civil War Sherman’s March to the Sea, 1864 60-mile swath from Atlanta, GA to Atlantic Ocean Total Warfare
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Lee surrenders to Grant at Appomattox Courthouse, VA on April 9, 1865
War’s Impact Lee surrenders to Grant at Appomattox Courthouse, VA on April 9, 1865
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The 13th Amendment bans slavery EVERYWHERE!
December 1865 The 13th Amendment bans slavery EVERYWHERE!
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