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Fig. 1. Median survival time (LT <sub>50</sub> ) estimated for the Piracicaba population of S. zeamais from Brazil exposed to increasing doses of clove.

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Presentation on theme: "Fig. 1. Median survival time (LT <sub>50</sub> ) estimated for the Piracicaba population of S. zeamais from Brazil exposed to increasing doses of clove."— Presentation transcript:

1 Fig. 1. Median survival time (LT <sub>50</sub> ) estimated for the Piracicaba population of S. zeamais from Brazil exposed to increasing doses of clove (A) and cinnamon (B) essential oils. From: Sublethal Exposure to Clove and Cinnamon Essential Oils Induces Hormetic-Like Responses and Disturbs Behavioral and Respiratory Responses in Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) J Econ Entomol. 2015;108(6): doi: /jee/tov255 J Econ Entomol | © The Authors Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please

2 Fig. 2. Effects of clove and cinnamon essential oils on the production of live S. zeamais larvae. (A) Average number of live S. zeamais larvae produced after exposure to sublethal concentrations of clove and cinnamon essential oils. Concentrations grouped by the same vertical bar did not differ according to Tukey’s HSD test ( P  < 0.05). The asterisks indicate significant differences between the essential oils by paired t-test ( P  < 0.05). (B) Illustrative sequence of X-ray pictures showing the number of live S. zeamais larvae within single maize grains colonized by S. zeamais adults sublethally exposed to clove oil. The live larvae are circulated by white lines. From: Sublethal Exposure to Clove and Cinnamon Essential Oils Induces Hormetic-Like Responses and Disturbs Behavioral and Respiratory Responses in Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) J Econ Entomol. 2015;108(6): doi: /jee/tov255 J Econ Entomol | © The Authors Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please

3 Fig. 3. Distance walked (cm), velocity (cm/s), and walking time (s) for the Piracicaba population of S. zeamais from Brazil in arenas that were fully treated or untreated with different concentrations of clove and cinnamon essential oils. Each histogram bar represents the mean (±SE) of 20 replicates. Concentrations grouped by the same vertical bar did not differ according to Tukey’s HSD test ( P  < 0.05). The asterisks indicate significant differences between essential oils by paired t-test ( P  < 0.05). From: Sublethal Exposure to Clove and Cinnamon Essential Oils Induces Hormetic-Like Responses and Disturbs Behavioral and Respiratory Responses in Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) J Econ Entomol. 2015;108(6): doi: /jee/tov255 J Econ Entomol | © The Authors Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please

4 Fig. 4. Proportion of time spent by the Piracicaba population of S
Fig. 4. Proportion of time spent by the Piracicaba population of S. zeamais from Brazil in the half-treated arenas that were treated with different concentrations of clove and cinnamon essential oils. Each histogram bar represents the mean (±SE) of 20 replicates. Concentrations grouped by the same vertical bar did not differ according to Tukey’s HSD test ( P < 0.05). The asterisks indicate significant differences between the essential oils (paired t-test; P  < 0.05). From: Sublethal Exposure to Clove and Cinnamon Essential Oils Induces Hormetic-Like Responses and Disturbs Behavioral and Respiratory Responses in Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) J Econ Entomol. 2015;108(6): doi: /jee/tov255 J Econ Entomol | © The Authors Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please

5 Fig. 5. Respiration rate (i. e
Fig. 5. Respiration rate (i.e., µl of CO <sub>2</sub>  × hour <sup>−1 </sup> ×insect <sup>−1</sup> ) of the Piracicaba population of S. zeamais from Brazil before and after exposure to different concentrations of clove and cinnamon essential oils. Concentrations grouped by the same vertical bar did not differ according to Tukey’s HSD test ( P  < 0.05). The asterisks indicate significant differences between the essential oils by paired t-test ( P  < 0.05). From: Sublethal Exposure to Clove and Cinnamon Essential Oils Induces Hormetic-Like Responses and Disturbs Behavioral and Respiratory Responses in Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) J Econ Entomol. 2015;108(6): doi: /jee/tov255 J Econ Entomol | © The Authors Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please

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