1. Rococo
Art &
Architecture

2. Rococo
Derived from the French word, rocaille, or pebbles, referring to the stones & shells used to Rococo style “dances.”
Portrays the carefree life of the aristocracy landscapes like fairy tales. decorate the interior of caves.
Complex compositions.
Ornateness and fussy details.
Gaiety, lightness, and airyness

3. Rococo
1715 – 1774.
Centered in France --> associated with Louis XV. [also Germany and Italy]
Light, elaborate, decorative style.
Pastels.
A backlash to the darkness of the Baroque --> less formal & grandiose.
Eventually replaced by Neo-Classicism, the artistic style of the American & French Revolutions.

4. “The Marriage Contract” Jean-Antoine Watteau, 1713

5. “The French Theater” Jean-Antoine Watteau, 1714

6. “The Pleasures of the Ball” Jean-Antoine Watteau, 1717

7. “The Pleasures of Life” Jean-Antoine Watteau, 1718

8. “The Swing”
Jean
Honoré
Fragonard
1766

9. “The Stolen Kiss”
Jean
Honoré
Fragonard
Late 1780s

10. “A Young Girl Reading”
Jean
Honoré
Fragonard
1776

11. “The Triumph of Venus”
François Boucher
1740

12. “La Toilette” – François Boucher, 1742

13. “The Marquis de Pompadour”
François Boucher
1756

14. “Morning Coffee”
François Boucher
1739

15. “The House of Cards”
Jean Siméon Chardin
1735

16. “Winter”
Etienne-Maurice
Falconet
1771

17. “The Rape of Europa” Giovanni Domenico Ferretti, 1720-40

18. The English
Rococo
Portraiturists

19. “Colonel
St. Leger”
Sir
Joshua
Reynolds
1778

20. “The Children of Edward Holland Cruttenden”
Sir
Joshua
Reynolds

21. “Mr. & Mrs. Andrews” Thomas Gainsborough, 1750

22. “Portrait of a Lady in Blue”
Thomas Gainsborough
Late 1770s

23. “Mary,
Countess Howe”
Thomas Gainsborough
Late 1760

24. Rococo
Interiors

25. A Rococo Room

26. “Love Conquering Time”
Wall Clock
“Love Conquering Time”
Charles Cressent
1740

27. François-Thomas Germain
“Fire Dog”
François-Thomas Germain
1757

28. Neo-Classicism

29. Overview of Neo-Classicism
Art produced in Europe and North America from the mid-18c to the early 19c.
More than just an antique revival  a reaction against the surviving Baroque & Rococo styles.
Linked to contemporary political events:
Revolutions established republics in France and in America. [Neo-Classicism was adapted as the official art style].
Association with the democracy of Greece and the republicanism of Rome.
Napoleon  used the style for propaganda.

30. Origins of
Neo-Classical
Art

31. 1. Excavations of the Ruins of Italian Cities
Pompeii in 1748.
Herculaneum in 1738.

32. 2. Publication of Books on Antiquity
James Stuart & Nicholas Revert Antiquities in Athens:

33. 3. Arrival of the Elgin Marbles
Thomas Bruce, 7th Lord of Elgin British Museum, 1806
From the top façade of the Parthenon in Athens.

34. 4. Johann Winckelmann’s Artists Circle
Artists should “imitate” the timeless, ideal forms of the classical world.
A circle of international artists gathered about him in the 1760s in Rome.
German art historian.

35. Characteristics of Neo-Classicism
Return to the perceived “purity” of the arts of Rome.
Model the “ideal” of the ancient Greek arts and, to a lesser, extent, 16c Renaissance classicism.
A conviction that there is a permanent, universal way things are (and should be), which obviously entails fundamental political and ethical commitments.
Sometimes considered anti-modern or even reactionary.

36. Neo-Classical
Architecture

37. Syon House The Red Salon Scottish architect & designer
Robert Adam
Syon House The Red Salon
Scottish architect & designer
Syon House 1760s

38. Claude Nicholas Ledoux
Designed a pavilion in 1771 for the Comtesse du Barry at Louveciennes.
Designed a series of city gates for Paris ( ).

39. Claude Nicholas Ledoux Rotunde de la Villette, Paris

40. “The Royal Crescent [Circus]” at Bath, England (1754).
John Wood
“The Royal Crescent [Circus]” at Bath, England (1754).

41. The “Empire Style”: Charles Percier & Pierre François Léonard Fontaine
Napoleon’s official architects.
They remade Paris in the intimidating opulence of Roman imperial architectural style.

42. Greek-Inspired Architecture
Bank of England Rotunda Sir John Soane, 1796
British Museum Portico Sir Robert Smirke,

43. The “Federal Style” in America
1780 – 1820.
Thomas Jefferson’s influence.
University of VA
Monticello, VA
U. S. Capitol

44. The “Greek Revival Style” in America
Second Bank of the US Philadelphia, 1824

45. Neo-Classical
Painting

46. “Parnassus” Anton Raphael Mengs, 1761
Mengs was the leading artist of early Neo-Classicism.

47. “The Oath of Brutus” Gavin Hamilton, 1767
The oath was sworn as a promise of individual revenge against a corrupt monarchy.

48. “The Death of Socrates” Jacques-Louis David, 1787
The death of Socrates was a symbol of republican virtue.

49. A very different theme: The celebration of worldly splendor and power.
“The Consecration of Napoleon & Josephine” Jacques-Louis David,
A very different theme: The celebration of worldly splendor and power.

50. “The Apotheosis of Homer” Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres, 1827
This assembly of great artists and writers of all ages gathered to honor the ancient Greek poet before a classical temple.

51. “Romulus—Victory over Acron” Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres, 1812
Painted for Napoleon’s palace in Rome.

52. “The Sabine Women” Jean Auguste Ingres, 1799

53. Neo-Classical
Sculpture

54. Neo-Classical Sculpture
Profoundly influenced by ancient art since the Renaissance.
Neo-Classical sculptors avoided the dramatic twisting poses and colored marble surfaces characteristic of late Baroque and Rococo sculpture.
They preferred:
Crisp contours.
A noble stillness.
Idealized white marble forms.

55. Antonio Canova “Apollo Crowning Himself,” 1781
“Perseus with the Head of Medusa,”

56. Antonio Canova
“Paulina Bonaparte,” 1808
“Hercules”

57. Bertel Thorvaldsen
“Jason,”
“Adonis,”

58. Neo-Classical
Decorative Arts

59. Josiah Wedgwood
Greek vases found in excavations became models for this new type of ceramics.

60. Neo-Classicism Continued Into the 19c and Beyond….
Brandenburg Gate, Berlin
Buckingham Palace, London
The Gate of Alcala, Madrid
By the mid-19s, several European cities were transformed into veritable museums of Neo-Classical architecture.

61. American Renaissance” Movement
American Museum of Natural History
National Gallery of Art
Lincoln Memorial
A Neo-Classical expression in Beaux-Arts architecture.

62. The “Sunset” of Neo-Classicism Rashtrapati Bhavan [President’s House]
Sir Edwin Lutyan  a monumental city plan for New Delhi during the British Raj.
Rashtrapati Bhavan [President’s House]
India Gate Monument

63. Comparison High Culture v. Pop Culture Pietism v. Deism
Compare the two (p. 521)
Pietism v. Deism
Propagation of Faith v. Cultural Relativism
Baroque v. Rococo

64. Causation
Scientific Revolution

65. Causation
Scientific Revolution
Enlightenment

66. Causation
Scientific Revolution
Enlightenment
30 Years War

67. Causation Scientific Revolution Enlightenment 30 Years War
Rise of Feminism

68. Causation Scientific Revolution Enlightenment 30 Years War
Rise of Feminism
Deism

69. Causation Scientific Revolution Enlightenment 30 Years War
Rise of Feminism
Deism
Pietism

70. Periodization
Protestant Reformation

71. Periodization
Wars of Religion

72. Periodization
Scientific Revolution

73. Periodization
Absolutism

74. Periodization
Enlightenment