1. Topic 11.2
Movement

3. Bones and exoskeletons provide anchorage for muscles and act as levers
List the three parts of a lever.
a. Effort force, fulcrum, and resultant force.
Give an example of a first, second and third class lever.
a. 1st Class- spine
b. 2nd class- wheelbarrows,
c. 3rd Class- grasshopper leg, elbow

4. Movement of the body requires muscles to work in antagonistic pairs.
What does antagonistic mean?
a. When one muscle contracts the other relaxes.
Give a couple of examples of antagonistic muscles.
a. Biceps and triceps, quadriceps and hamstrings

5. Antagonistic pairs of muscles in insect legs
Describe how antagonistic muscles help the grasshopper jump.
a. Flexor muscle contracts to bring the tibia closer to the femur. The extensor is relaxed at this point. The extensor will then contract extending the tibia to produce the power for the jump.

7. Annotation of a diagram of the human elbow.
Humerus- biceps and triceps attach.
Radius- biceps is attached.
Ulna- triceps is attached.
Cartilage- covers the bones and prevents friction.
Biceps- flexes the joint.
Triceps- extends the joint.
Joint Capsule- Seals the joint to prevent dislocation.
Synovial Fluid- helps lubricate the joint and prevent friction.

8. Synovial Joints allow certain movements but not others.
Describe the movement possible with a hinge and ball and socket joint.
a. Hinge- flexion(bending) and extension.
b. Ball and Socket- flex, extend, rotate, and move sideways and back.

9. Define skeletal muscles-
Skeletal Muscle fibers are multinucleate and contain specialized endoplasmic reticulum
Define skeletal muscles-
a. Muscles that attach to bones and move the body.
What is the sarcoplasmic reticulum? What does it do?
a. Modified endoplasmic reticulum. It wraps around the myofibril to convey the signal to contract to all parts of the muscle at once.
What is used to power contractions?
a. ATP