1. World War I World War II The Cold War
Unit 6 Crash Course
World War I
World War II
The Cold War

2. World at Peace
Negotiations like the Berlin Conference in late 1800s kept European countries out of war for 2 decades*
*Mostly-Wars within Europe did not occur, but some took place with European powers abroad.

3. Beneath the Surface Relationships begin to break down:
competing for resources and markets (imperialism)
building up weapons/soldiers (militarism)
political leaders appeal to national identity to gain support (nationalism)

4. Beneath the Surface
Nations fear each other, begin promising protection to each other (alliances)
Triple Alliance: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy
Triple Entente: Britain, France, Russia

5. The Burst
Austria-Hungary controlled Serbia (Former part of Ottoman Empire)
Francis Ferdinand is heir to throne in Austria-Hungary
assassinated in Serbia by the Black Hand, a Serbian nationalist group
Russia is allied with Serbia, declares war on Austria-Hungary

6. The Great War
New technology improved weapons (tanks, flamethrowers, poison gas, machine guns)
tactics DO NOT adapt with technology
gaining land nearly impossible
war becomes a stalemate (no one can win)

7. Changing Players Problems in Russia force it to withdraw in 1917
(Unit 4-Russian Revolution)
Germany attacks US citizens, US enters war in 1917
new troops give Allies advantage
war ends 1918

8. The Fall-out The Treaty of Versailles officially ends WWI
Germany becomes Weimar Republic-government where people could vote, instead of mix of monarchy and democracy, which it was prior to war.
Germany blamed for war
Reduction in army to 200,000
Must pay back war damages

9. The Depression Germany faces problems after WWI debt cannot be repaid
government and economy unstable
currency becomes worthless, used for fuel rather than buying firewood
Germans resent Allied powers for Treaty of Versailles

10. Changes around the World
Russia ends monarchy, taken over by Bolsheviks
Create Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR or Soviet Union)
communist state founded by Vladimir Lenin
Joseph Stalin becomes dictator
Conflict in China births Chinese Communist Party
Conflict in Italy brings Benito Mussolini to power, dictator

11. Changes in Germany Depression creates desperation in Germany
Political instability has groups competing for power
National Socialist German Workers Party (Nazi) comes to power under Adolph Hitler
appeals to German identity (Aryans)
blames others, especially Jews, for problems created in WWI
promises return to power for Germany
emphasizes role of women as mothers

12. Taking Territory Japan begins taking land in China seeks resources
Italy takes over Ethiopia
Germany invades rhineland, Austria, Czechoslovakia (forbidden by Treaty of Versailles)

13. Appeasement
Civilians and politicians remember World War I, want to avoid conflict
Appeasement allowed Japan, Italy, and Germany to take land in hopes of avoiding future conflict
Policy promoted by Britain

14. World War II begins Germany invades Poland in September 1939
France and Britain declare war
France is taken by Germany
blitzkrieg (fast movement of troops) grants many victories to Germany
US has no direct involvement, supplies arms to Britain, refuses to sell iron to Japan

15. US enters Japan attacks Pearl Harbor Dec. 7, 1941 over 2,000 die
US declares war in Japan and allies (Germany)

16. A two front war
Europe
Britain, Soviet Union, US, others fight Nazis/Italy
The Pacific
US, China, Australia, Philippines and others fight Japanese

17. The Holocaust Part 1 Hitler blamed Jews for issues in Germany
Laws targeting Jews began in 1935
limits on where people can work, live, marriage
many Jews leave German territory, other countries eventually stop taking in refugees
Nazis begin genocide (extermination of a race)
roughly 6 million jews die

18. The Holocaust Part 2 Other individuals targeted by the Holocaust
The Roma
LGBTQA Individuals
Mentally or Physically Disabled
Political Activists
Places People were sent/What they faced
Work Camps
Death Camps
Experimentation / Torture

19. Ending the European Theater
Allies (Britain, US, USSR) invade France at Normandy, begin to push Germany out
Hitler commits suicide
Germany surrenders May 1945

20. Ending the Pacific Theater
Allies (US and others) push Japan out of controlled territory
kamikazes (suicide pilots) continue to fight
US develops atomic weaponry, attacks Japanese cities of military and civilian importance
Hiroshima: 60-80,000 die
Nagasaki: 70,000 die
Japan surrenders September 1945

21. A World After War US only major power not directly damaged by fighting
Japan/Europe: cities must be rebuilt, economies restored
Allied powers occupy former axis nations
US occupies Japan, begins work on new government
US, Britain, France, and USSR occupy Germany
United Nations created to maintain peace

22. A World After War
Allies fought a war to stop one group taking land from another
colonies helped...double standard, continuation of imperialism of the 1800s
independence gained slowly in different regions

23. Differing Views The Soviet Union is a socialist/communist state
US is a capitalist state
Ideas are mutually exclusive, each seeks to gain influence to protect their way of life

24. The Cold War
US and Soviet Union do not want actual fighting (a “hot” war)
both sides have atomic weapons, “mutually assured destruction”
Soviet Union seeks to expand
US want to “contain” communism to where it exists
each fight by proxy with other countries

25. The New World Order (East vs West)
Division of Germany (East and West) reflect power shift in Cold War
Berlin Wall (East/West Berlin) visual representation
Three “worlds” emerge
First world: US and NATO allies
Second world: USSR and Warsaw Pact allies
Third world: haven’t chosen a side, often former
colonies.

26. Fighting a Cold War Both sides seek to influence others Soviet Union:
Aids Chinese Communist Party, who take China in 1949
Communists control North Korea, invade south
Communists take north Vietnam, invade south
Communist revolution in Cuba

27. Fighting a Cold War Both sides seek to influence others The US:
Commits troops to Korea and Vietnam
Supports “freedom fighters” in Cuba, Afghanistan

28. “Fighting” a Cold War Both sides seek to prove they are better
Technology
US and USSR develop space technology, space race
USSR gets to space first
US gets to moon first
Europe develops weapons as well
Sports
Athletics become venue for nationalism
see “miracle” or “rock IV”

29. Ending the Cold War Stalin dies, outside influence is allowed in
Soviet economy struggles, US grows
USSR allows some market influence
Lithuania declares independence, others follow
Resistance movements had taken place throughout Eastern Europe from 1950s-1980s
Soviet Union collapses in 1991
Berlin wall
World after Cold War...