1. Chapter one – Organizing the body
Anatomy/Physiology
Chapter one – Organizing the body

2. What is Anatomy and Physiology?
Anatomy – the study of the structure of body parts and their relationships to one another
Physiology – the study of the function of the body

3. Levels of Structural Organization
Chemical – atoms combined to form molecules Cells–made of molecules Tissue – consists of similar types of cells Organ – made up of different types of tissues Organ system – consists of different organs that work closely together Organism– made up of the organ systems

4. Levels of Structural Organization
Smooth muscle cell
Molecules
Cellular level Cells are made up of molecules 2
Atoms 1
Chemical level Atoms combine to form molecules
Smooth muscle tissue
Heart 3
Tissue level Tissues consist of similar types of cells
Cardiovascular system
Blood vessels
Epithelial tissue
Smooth muscle tissue
Blood vessel (organ) 6
Organismal level The human organism is made up of many organ systems
Connective tissue 4
Organ level Organs are made up of different types of tissues 5
Organ system level Organ systems consist of different organs that work together closely
Figure 1.1

5. Organ systems – 11 of them Support, Movement, Protection Maintenance
Cardiovascular
Integumentary
Lymphatic
Skeletal
Respiratory
Muscular
Digestive
Body Communication
Excretory/Urinary
Nervous
Reproduction
Endocrine
Reproductive

6. Homeostasis
Homeostasis – to maintain a stable internal environment Ex. body temp, heart rate, blood pressure, blood clotting

7. Anatomical Position
Body erect Feet slightly apart Palms facing forward Thumbs point away from body
Figure 1.7a

8. Directional Terms
Anterior (ventral) – towards the front ex. windpipe is anterior the esophagus. Posterior (dorsal) – towards the back ex. heart is posterior to the ribcage Superior – above, or towards the head ex. the face is superior to the neck Inferior – below, or away from the head ex. the navel is inferior to the chin

9. Directional Terms
Medial - towards the midline ex. the nose is medial to the eyes. Lateral - away from the midline of the body. ex. the eyes are lateral to the nose. Proximal - towards the center point. ex. the elbow is proximal to the hand. Distal - away from the center point ex. the hand is distal to the elbow.

10. Directional Terms
Superficial- towards the surface ex. the skin is superficial to the muscle Deep - away from the surface of the body. ex. bones are deeper than the muscles

11. Body regions – 2 of them
Axial Portion– includes the head, neck and trunk Appendicular Portion– includes the limbs

12. Anatomical Planes – 3 of them
Sagittal - plane running from front to back. - Divides a body into right and left sides Frontal or Coronal- plane running from side to side. - Divides a body into front and back portions. Transverse or Horizontal - a crosswise plane - Divides the body into upper and lower sections

13. Anatomical planes

14. Cavities of the body – 4 of them
Cranial Cavity - space in the skull Thoracic Cavity – space in the chest Abdominal Cavity – space in the belly Pelvic Cavity – space between the hip bones

15. Body cavities

16. Anatomical Movements Flexion:
Decrease the angle between two bones connected by a joint.
Extension:
An Increase the angle between two bones connected by a joint.
Or return from flexion.
Continuation of extension beyond the normal anatomical position is called hyperextension.

17. Anatomical Movements
Abduction: Moves a bone away from the medial plane of the body.
Adduction: Moves a bone towards the medial plane of the body.
Rotation: is the pivoting or moving of a bone upon it’s axis.
Circumduction: causes a bone to subscribe the surface of a cone in space as it moves.

18. Anatomical Movements
Supination: is the movement of the forearm that turns the palm forward or upward.
Pronation: is the movement of the forearm that turns the palm backwards or downwards.
Inversion: turns sole of the foot inwards
Eversion: turns sole of foot outwards.
Elevation: raising a bone or body part.
Depression: lowering a bone or body part.

19. What are some movements involved in…
A standard push-up
A pull up
A free throw shot
A Hula hoop contest
Jumping jacks
Walking

20. Review Anatomy vs. Physiology Homeostasis & Organ Systems
Anatomical Position
Directional Terms
Body Regions
Body Planes
Body Cavities
Anatomical Movements

21. Book questions
Page Study Questions #’s 1, 3, 4, 9 Objective Questions #’s 1-5, 13-18, 19-28 .