1. Chapter 10 Section 2
Islam Expands

2. Main Idea
In spite of internal conflicts, the Muslims created a huge empire that included lands on three continents

3. New Leader Muhammad dies in 632
Muslims elect Abu-Bakr to be first caliph
Caliph = Muslim leader, meaning successor or deputy

4. Leaders Spread Islam 4 “rightly guided” caliphs
Guided by the Qur’an and the Sunna (Muhammad’s example)
Jihad means “striving” and refers to inner struggle against evil and sometimes means armed conflict against nonbelievers
Muslims will spread and conquer Syria and lower Egypt

6. Reasons for Success Muslim armies Tolerance Well disciplined
Other empires weak from wars
Tolerance
Islam offers equality and hope
Muslims tolerate other religions
Christians and Jews received special treatment as “people of the book”

7. Internal Conflict Struggle for power (murders) ends elective system
Wealthy family, Umayyads, take power
Move capital to Damascus
Sunni / Shi’a split
Shia believe the caliph should be a descendant of Muhammad
Sunni believe the caliph should follow the Sunna
The Sunna is the example of Muhammad

8. Trade Network Develops
Trade Network develops in the Muslim World
Trade by land and sea
Through Europe and Asia
Single currency
The Saak (The check)
Can get deposits from any of a network of banks

10. Muslim Culture
While Europe entered the Dark Ages, it was the Muslim World that sustained culture and education
Astronomers/Mathematicians
Physicians and Medical Advances
Literature
Art
Calligraphy
Architecture