1. Topic C – Effects of Ageing
C1: The physical changes of ageing
C2: The psychological changes of ageing
C3: The societal effects of an ageing population

2. Topic C – Effects of Ageing
Ageing with the soap stars!
Mind-map all of the health issues (PIES) both Dot and Sylvie have and could possible face; due to age and current health issues.
Memory loss
High risk of accidents
Awareness of safety
Lack of independence
Difficulties communicating
Poor immune system
Reduced stamina
Loss of bladder control
Disturbed sleeping pattern
Cataracts
Impaired vision
Loss of mobility
Memory loss
Hearing loss
Social exclusion
High risk of accidents
Brittle bones
stress
Dot Branning
Sylvie Carter

3. Topic C – Effects of Ageing
Physical changes of ageing - Cardiovascular
As we age our risk of cardiovascular disease also increases
Cardiovascular disease – disease of the heart and blood vessels
The main function of the heart Is to pump blood around the body
Many older people develop narrowed arteries and blood vessels due to fats lining the walls of the blood vessels
This ‘clogging up’ is called atherosclerosis; which increases the risk of strokes and heart attacks.
The blocked vessels have to work harder which sometimes causes breathlessness and chest pains
What risk factors are associated with cardiovascular disease?
Family history of heart disease
Ethnic background
Poorly controlled diabetes
Rise in blood pressure
Being overweight/obese
Smoking
Lack of exercise
Patrick may be at risk of cardiovascular disease which caused him to suffer from a stroke

4. Topic C – Effects of Ageing
Physical changes – Degeneration of nervous tissue
An individual’s senses depend on the nervous system (nerves, the spinal cord and the brain) which is composed of nervous tissue.
As we age the brain function declines as does the nervous system
Decline in brain function affects short term memory and the ability to learn new things
Our reaction rimes are slower meaning it takes longer to complete tasks
The risks of accidents are also higher as sensation and reflexes are slower
Independent task:
Make a note of the physical changes linked to each of the sense due to ageing
Skin becomes thinner and our sensitivity reduces to pain, temperature and vibration
High-frequency sounds such as female or children's voices become harder to hear. Background noise takes over speech.
Smell declines which can reduce sense of taste also. It becomes harder to smell mild scents
Eyes become more sensitive to light vision can become blurry and eyes dry.
Taste buds decrease as you age

5. Topic C – Effects of Ageing
Physical changes – Osteoarthritis
Osteoarthritis is a degenerative disease, a result of wear and tear of the joints and the ageing process.
Osteoarthritis causes the joints to become painful and stiff, especially the hips, knee, neck, lower back, hands or feet.
This makes completing every day tasks difficult to carry out
Family history and obesity increase chances of developing osteoarthritis
Physical symptoms include:
Thinning and roughening of the joint cartilage
Pain and swelling in joints
Bony outgrowths and spurs on the end of bones
Difficulty in moving, walking, lifting heavy objects

6. Topic C – Effects of Ageing
Physical changes – Reduced absorption of nutrients
Energy requirements may change in older age particularly if physical activity is restricted or reduced.
Older people may need more protein-rich foods in their diet; such as eggs, pulses, dairy foods and lean meat.
Vitamin D is important for good health and for absorbing calcium from food and preventing osteoarthritis
Vitamin C is essential for several body functions, including wound healing, forming and maintaining healthy tissues.
What issues may the elderly have with maintaining a nutritional diet?
buying fresh fruit and vegetables difficult or expensive
difficulty in preparing and eating them

7. Topic C – Effects of Ageing
Physical changes – Dementia Vs Alzheimer's
A person with dementia is likely to experience problems with understanding what is happening around them, communicating, reasoning, finding their way and remembering recent events.

8. Topic C – Effects of Ageing
Physical changes – Dementia Vs Alzheimer's
Alzheimer’s disease is the commonest form of dementia.
The onset of Alzheimer’s disease is usually slow, initially involving parts of the brain controlling thought, memory and language.
Individuals with Alzheimer’s disease have trouble with:
Short-term memory and recalling the names of people they know
May not recognise family members
Begin to lose the ability to carry out particular tasks, like speaking, reading or writing
Ability to carry out simple everyday tasks, like brushing teeth or combing hair may be forgotten.
Alzheimer’s disease usually begins after the age of 60 and the risk of developing it rises as a person gets older.
Risks of Alzheimer’s:
If a family member has had the condition
Treatment:
At present, there is no treatment to cure or prevent the disease, but some medications may delay its progress for a limited time.

9. Topic C – Effects of Ageing
Physical changes – Depression
Having a chronic condition in addition to the usual physical and psychological changes during the ageing process can worsen stress or depression for many older people.
Create a two column diagram and consider the impacts of depression on physical and psychological health
Physical impacts
Psychological impacts
Difficulty falling or staying asleep, oversleeping, or daytime sleepiness
Fixation on death, suicidal thoughts or suicide attempts
Increased use of alcohol or other drugs
Loss of self-worth, worries about being a burden, feeling of being worthless, self-loathing
Weight loss or loss of appetite
Social withdrawal and isolation, not wanting to be with friends, leave the house or take part in activities
Fatigue
Sadness
Giving up or losing interest in hobbies and other pastimes