1. Ahmad Faizan 12-4470 Hassan Ikram 12-4462 Waleed Malik 12-4520
POWER LINE COMMUNICATION (PLC) WITH ITS APPLICATION OF MONITORING AND CONTROL OF DIFFERENT ELECTRICAL DEVICES
Ahmad Faizan
Hassan Ikram
Waleed Malik

2. 1. What’s Power line Communication. 2. Why we should use it. 3
1. What’s Power line Communication? 2.Why we should use it? 3. How it works? 4. What are the typical challenges? 5.PLC Transceiver Requirements
2.Power Line Communication (PLC) is a communication technology that enables sending data over existing power cables. This means that, with just power cables running to an electronic device (for example) one can both power it up and at the same time control/retrieve data from it in a half-duplex manner.
2. Power line communication technology minimizes infrastructure and maintenance costs by communicating over existing power lines. PLC technology avoids the need to create new communication paths through obstacles such as buildings, hills, and basements that block wireless communications. 3.

3. What’s Power line Communication
What’s Power line Communication? Power Line Communication (PLC) is a communication technology that enables sending data over existing power cables. This means that, with just power cables running to an electronic device (for example) one can both power it up and at the same time control/retrieve data from it in a half-duplex manner.
1980s Home-control PLC devices become available
1990s (X10, LonWorks , UPB) 1997 First International Symposium on PLC (ISPLC) 2001 HomePlug1.0 specification released
HomePlug is the family name for various power line communications specifications under the HomePlug moniker, with each offering unique performance capabilities and coexistence or compatibility with other HomePlug specifications.

4. 2.Why we should use it? The major benefit of power line networking is that users can easily establish a network using a home's existing electrical wiring as the communication medium. There is no need to drill holes in walls or ceilings to route new wiring and, as a result, installation is quick, easy and relatively inexpensive. Power line networking is an easily accomplished networking method for AC-powered devices.

5. 3. How it works? Typically home-control power-line communication devices operate by modulating in a carrier wave of between 20 and 100 kHz into the household wiring at the transmitter. The carrier is modulated by digital signals , i-e On-Off Keying(OOK). Each receiver in the system has an address and can be individually commanded by the signals transmitted over the household wiring and decoded at the receiver. These devices may be either plugged into regular power outlets, or permanently wired in place.

6. Simple Implementation model of PLC
A PHY chip or layer converts data between a "clean" clocked digital form which is only suitable for very-short-distance (i.e. inches) communication, and an analogue form which is suitable for longer range transmission. It has no particular clue as to what any of the bits "mean", nor how they should be interpreted or assembled. The MAC chip or layer receives bits from the PHY, detects packet boundaries, assembles bits into packets, and validates them. It also takes packets of data that are loaded into it and converts them to streams of bits which are fed to the PHY. Typically, a MAC will include some logic to delay transmissions until the line is clear,

7. What are the typical challenges. 1
What are the typical challenges? 1. Harsh medium for data communication 2.Unpredictable and varying characteristics a. Time b. Frequency c. Location 3.Limited and inaccurate theoretical models of power line environment 4. Technical challenges Like: a. Signal attenuation b. Signal distortion c. Noise
Main causes: are Impedance of connected loads, Inductive, capacitive or resistive, Multiple phases
,Power transformers, Wire impedance
,Reflection effects
Noise:
Continuous noise
Time-invariant continuous noise (background noise),,Thermal noise caused by internal circuitry
– Time-variant continuous noise,,,,Ex: inverter-driven fluorescent lamps
IMPULSIVE: thyristor , dimmer , SMPS ,switching transients, etc.

8. 5.PLC Transceiver Requirements  High transmission power capability Excellent receiving sensitivity High noise immunity Error detection and correction features Medium access mechanism(MAC/PHY) Adjustable communication frequency Data rate adapted to application requirements Low power consumption Low cost