1. What are the Developmental Trajectories for Gray and White Matter?
NIMH scanned children every 2 years for
8-10 years (N=1000 scans; ages 4-22)
Analysis in collaboration with
UCLA (P. Thompson), MNI (A. Evans)

2. Thompson/Sowell 2003 (N=45)
Von Economo 1929

3. Cortical Thinning During Brain Development:
Primary Cortices -> Association Cortices
13 children scanned with MRI
every 2 years for 8 years
What is the dynamic
trajectory of cortical thinning?
Gogtay/
Thompson
PNAS 2004

5. Time-Lapse Map of Brain Development (PNAS, 2004)

6. Childhood Onset Schizophrenia
(COS; N=94)
Onset before age 13; Unmodified DSM IIIR/IV criteria Premorbid IQ >70; No Primary Neurological Disorder Severe, treatment refractory Rare (~ 1 in 30,000 – 50,000) Continuous with adult onset schizophrenia but somewhat less confounded (e.g., substance abuse)

7. Derailment of Teenage Brain Development 1
Derailment of Teenage Brain Development 1. Teens with Schizophrenia show a progressively spreading wave of gray matter loss (Thompson PNAS 2001) 2. Worse SANS, SAPS, and CGAS scores at follow-up correlate with greater loss at follow-up 3. Follows trajectory of normal brain maturation but exaggerated (up to 5% loss/year; worst in frontal cortex)

8. P. Thompson
et al., PNAS 2001

11. P. Thompson
et al., PNAS 2001

14. P. Thompson
et al., PNAS 2001

15. Bipolar Brain Development (Ratio Maps)
9 Bipolar v. 12 Controls;
3 scans each,
Age, sex and scan interval matched.
Gogtay et al. JCPP in Press
COS Brain Development
12 COS v. 12 Controls; 3 scans each
Age, sex and scan interval matched.
Thompson et al. PNAS 2001

16. P. Thompson et al.,
Nature Neurosci.
2001

17. P. Thompson et al., Nature, 2000

18. P. Thompson et al., Nature, 2000

19. Mean Annualized Growth Rate Maps
NIMH HEALTHY CONTROLS
N=12 (6 male / 6 female), AGE: 13.5±0.7 yrs. at baseline
NIMH CHILDHOOD-ONSET SCHIZOPHRENIA (COS)
N=12 (6 male / 6 female), AGE: 13.9±0.8 yrs. at baseline
% Growth Rate shown in RED
% Loss Rate shown in BLUE
Thompson/
Rapoport 2007
-2% % % % %