1. Medieval Europe “Medieval Time Period” 476CE-1500CE

2. Frankish Empire Charles Martel Pepin the Short Charlemagne
Louis the Pius

3. Frankish Empire
What started the relationship between Pope Leo III & Charlemagne? How did Leo reward Charlemagne? Reactions to this move?

4. Treaty of Verdun Lothair- Central Frankish Empire
Louis the German- Eastern Frankish Empire
Charles the Bald- Western Frankish Empire

5. Feudalism

7. Feudalism What are the mutual obligations in a feudalistic family?
King/ Lord
Lord/ Peasant

8. Feudalism
Knighthood: - tournaments - chivalry - becoming a knight

9. Feudalism
Manors - What was life like on the manors? - How was a manor self–sufficient?

10. Medieval Church

11. Medieval Church Basilica Romanesque Gothic
All churches were built in the form of a Latin
Cross.

12. Hierarchies! What is a hierarchy? Why do hierarchies matter?
What is the hierarchy of our school district?

13. Medieval Church Church Hierarchy: Pope Archbishop Bishop/Abbot
Priest/Monk
Friar

14. Medieval Church Monasticism: Abbots/ Monks Monastery Duties
St. Benedict’s rule
Vow of Chastity
Vow of Poverty
Vow of Obedience

15. Medieval Church Purpose of Medieval Church: Pilgrimages Relics
Santiago de Compostela
Remains of St. Paul
Relics
Miracles
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16. Medieval church Problems:
What does each of these mean?
Simony
Priests Marrying
Lay Investiture
How are each of these a problem for the church?

17. Medieval Church Holy Roman Empire
936 Otto I
Supported Bishops and Abbots
Defeated unruly Princes
962 Named Emperor of the HRE

18. Medieval Church Holy Roman Empire
Explain the investiture controversy.
Who was Pope Gregory VII?
Who was Henry IV of Germany?
What was the Concordat of Worms?

19. Medieval Church Holy Roman Empire
1077 Pope Gregory VII bans Lay Investiture
Henry IV wrote a nasty letter to the Pope
Pope Gregory VII then excommunicates Henry IV
Henry begged in snow for three days for forgiveness
Pope forgave Henry at Canossa
1122 Concordat of Worms was passed
Pope appoints Bishop
Emperor can veto

20. Medieval Church Holy Roman Empire
Who was Frederick I “Barbarossa”?
What was the Lombard League?
Why was this significant?
What was the fate of Barbarossa?

21. Medieval Church Holy Roman Empire
1152 seven German Princes elect Barbarossa of Germany
He invaded the rich cities of Italy
His enemies form the Lombard League
1176 foot soldiers defeated Barbarossa using crossbows in the Battle of Legano
1177 Barbarossa made peace with the Pope and returned to Germany.
1190 Barbarossa drowns and the HRE dissolves

22. Commercial Revolution
What is a revolution? What can cause a revolution?
Commercial Revolution
Agriculture
Guilds
Medieval Business

23. Commercial Revolution Agriculture
Iron Plow
Windmill
Harness
Three-Field System

24. Commercial Revolution Guilds
Masons
Carpenters
Stone Cutters
Blacksmith
Journeymen
Apprentice
Guild Master

25. Commercial Revolution Medieval Business
Charter
Partnership
Bill of Exchange
Tenant Farmers
Middle Class
Usury

26. Upper Middle Ages

27. Crusades

28. Crusades Muslim Turks threatened the Byzantium Empire Pope Urban II
1st Crusade
1st Crusade continued
Muslim Turks threatened the Byzantium Empire
Pope Urban II
What are some reasons to fight in the Crusades?
1097 mostly French
Unorganized
Inadequate supply lines
Less than ¼ actually made it to Jerusalem
After a month of fighting, they won a stretch of land from Edessa to Jerusalem.
Crusades

29. Crusades 2nd Crusade 1144 Turks reclaimed Edessa strip
1187 Jerusalem was reclaimed by the Turks

30. Crusades 3rd Crusade “Kings Crusade” 1187-1192
Richard the Lionheart of England
Phillip Augustus of France
Fredrick Barbarossa of the HRE
1192 a truce was made between Saladin and Richard: Christians can practice Christianity freely in the Muslim controlled Jerusalem

31. Crusades
4th Crusade 1198
Pope Innocent III wanted to recapture Jerusalem
Italians/ Byzantium's to join forces and leave from Constantinople
1204 Italians robbed Constantinople
Resulted in a permanent split between churches

32. Established & stimulated trade
Effects
Christians
Lessened the power of the pope
Weakened feudal nobility
Muslims
Left bitterness and hatred
Established rivalry with Christians
Both
Established & stimulated trade
Cultural diffusion

33. Development of English power

34. England 1066 Edward the Confessor dies without and heir
Canute invaded England molding Anglo-Saxons and Vikings
William Duke of Normandy/Harold Godwinson both claim the throne
William of Normandy
Harold Godwinson

35. England Norman Invasion Effect of William
William defeats Harold at The Battle of Hastings
William the Conqueror
Doomsday Book
Beaux Tapestry
Effect of William
Lineage of English kings
Modern & united England

36. England Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine owned lands in France
Established royal courts
Established a jury system

37. England Magna Carta Henry had two sons as king (Richard and John)
John Softsword
Lost Normandy
High Taxes
Forced to sign Magna Carta
Taxation
Jury
Protection of Law

38. England Parliament Edward I lost more lands
1295 two burgesses and two knights from every county came to serve
1295 knights, burgesses, bishops and lords met at Westminster
1300 to 1400 Kings called on Parliament to raise taxes
House of Commons/House of Lords

39. 100 Years War

40. 100 Years War
Philip IV of France dies without any rightful heirs in France
Edward III of England was grandson to Philip IV and claimed the French crown
England invaded France

41. 100 Years War Battle of Crecy- 1346
Longbow was introduced for the first time
Changed Medieval Chivalry for ever
English won

42. 100 Years War
Battles of Portiers (1356) and Agincourt (1415) both major battles won by the English with long bows
A truce was signed that would have given Henry V of England the French crown after Charles VI died

43. 100 Years War Joan of Arc becomes a French Mystic
God told her that she could kick the English out of France for good.
Charles VI tells her to help break the siege of Orleans, and she does

44. 100 Years War
Joan is caught and burned at the stake by the English in 1431
The French officially defeat the English in 1453

45. 100 Years War Effects of the 100 Years War Strengthened French Monarch
Strengthened English Parliament
Nationalism was developed
End of chivalry
Marked an end to the Middle Ages

46. Bubonic Plague “Black Death” Killed 25 million Began in Asia
Took four years to reach every corner of Europe
Jews were blamed
Disrupted Feudalism

47. Effects of the plague Weakened social structure (feudalism)
How?
Made middle class more powerful

48. Great schism

49. Great Schism 1303 Philip IV captured Boniface VIII
1305 Clement V (French Pope) “Babylonian Captivity”
1378 Gregory XI died, cardinals were forced to elect Urban VI (Italian Pope)
French elected Clement VII
Rome then elects Boniface IX, then Gregory XII
Urban VI
Clement VII

50. Great Schism Council of Pisa elected John XXIII
1414 All three popes were forced to resign
Why would all three resign their position?
1417 Martin V was elected pope ending the Great Schism
Gregory XII
John XXIII
Martin V

51. Great Schism timeline

52. Effects of the great schism
Why is this situation a problem for the church?
Who’s authority is questioned as a result of this situation?