1. Ch. 8 Test Prep
Sections 8.2 & 8.3

2. The process that makes an exact copy of a cell’s DNA is called _____
a. conservation. b. preservation. c. replication. d. synthesis.

3. What are the main functions of DNA polymerase?
a. breaks hydrogen bonds and exposes bases. b. holds DNA strands apart and attracts bases. c. zips and unzips the double-stranded DNA. d. binds nucleotides and corrects base pair errors.

4. Which of the following events occurs directly after a DNA molecule is unzipped?
a. Mismatched nucleotide bases are identified and replaced. b. Free-floating nucleotides pair up with exposed bases. c. Identical double-stranded DNA molecules are formed. d. Enzymes break hydrogen bonds between base pairs.

5. The process of making new DNA molecules is semiconservative
The process of making new DNA molecules is semiconservative. This means that every new DNA molecule is composed of _____
a. two completely identical strands of DNA. b. one original and one new strand of DNA. c. one strand of DNA and one strand of RNA. d. two strands that mix original and new DNA.

6. When new DNA molecules are formed, almost all errors are detected and fixed by _____
a. the correct nucleotide. b. the sugar-phosphate backbone. c. DNA polymerase. d. one DNA strand

7. The four types of nucleotides that make up DNA are named for their _____
a. hydrogen bonds. b. nitrogen-containing bases. c. phosphate groups. d. ring-shaped sugars.

8. After examining the DNA of different organisms, which of the following did Erwin Chargaff conclude about the four bases?
a. A = T and C = G. b. A = C = G = T. c. A = C and G = T. d. A + T = C + G.

9. Which of the following DNA sequences is complementary to the base sequence ACCGTAT?
a. GTTACGC. b. UCCGTAT. c. TGGCATA. d. CAATGCG.

10. Combining the work of other scientists with their own research, Watson and Crick discovered that two strands of DNA join together to form a(n) _____
a. nucleotide. b. X in a circle. c. double helix. d. covalent bond.

11. What holds base pairs together?
a. hydrogen bonds. b. sugar-phosphate backbones. c. pairs of double-ringed nucleotides. d. nitrogen-carbon bonds

12. Proteins are made up of _____
a. enzymes. b. amino acids. c. ATP. d. catalysts.

13. What happens during the S stage of the cell cycle, depicted in Figure 8.1?
a. The cell divides into two daughter cells. b. Genetic information is copied. c. The cell “rests” in interphase. d. Homologous chromosomes pair up.
FIG. 8.1

14. Within a cell, proteins are made in the _____
a. nucleus. b. Golgi apparatus. c. ribosomes. d. mitochondria.

15. DNA is contained in a different way in prokaryotic cells than it is in eukaryotic cells because _____
a. prokaryotes are single-celled organisms. b. only eukaryotic cells have a cell membrane. c. DNA is found only in eukaryotic cells. d. prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus.

16. Unlike other carbon-based molecules, nucleic acids are known for their _____
a. single function. b. varied structures. c. poor bonding ability. d. unimportance in cells.

17. Figure 8. 1 shows a single strand of DNA
Figure 8.1 shows a single strand of DNA. Choose the first three nucleotides of the other DNA strand.
a. GGT b. CCT c. GGC d. TTA
FIG. 8.1

18. The main difference between the four nucleotides that make up DNA is that they have different _____
a. sugars. b. uracil. c. bonds. d. bases.

19. Which scientists figured out the three-dimensional structure of DNA by using a model of metal and wood?
a. Hershey and Chase b. Watson and Crick c. Pauling and Franklin d. Chargaff and Griffith

20. In humans, where does DNA replication take place?
a. cytoplasm b. ribosome c. nucleus d. vacuole

21. During replication, the function of the enzyme DNA polymerase is to _____
a. bind nucleotides together. b. send messages. c. receive messages. d. locate replication sites.

22. The DNA double helix model used today is the product of research done by scientists _____
a. Hershey and Chase. b. Watson and Crick. c. Pauling and Franklin. d. Chargaff and Griffith.

23. Suppose you can read the sequence of bases on only one strand of the double helix. What would you use to figure out the sequence on the other strand?
a. central dogma b. x-ray crystallography c. Chargaff ’s rules d. base pairing rules

24. Which of the following is the site of DNA replication in eukaryotes?
a. cytoplasm b. ribosome c. nucleus d. vacuole

25. What does DNA polymerase do during replication?
a. binds nucleotides together and corrects base pair errors b. transmits messages that are translated into proteins c. attracts amino acids to the ribosomes for assembly d. recognizes and points out new origins of replication

26. How many types of nucleotides are present in DNA?
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4

27. All nucleotides have two parts that are the same: the deoxyribose sugar and a _____. The third part, a _____, is different.
A. nitrogen base, phosphate group B. phosphate group, nitrogen base C. ribose sugar, hydrogen bond D. ribose sugar, covalent bond

28. Rosalind Franklin’s data revealed that the structure of DNA is uniform / variable in width.

29. Watson and Crick determined the three-dimensional shape of DNA by building models / building genomes.
building models

30. DNA base pairing results in a molecule that has a uniform width
DNA base pairing results in a molecule that has a uniform width. A sugar-phosphate backbone is on the inside / outside. Inside the structure, a base with two rings always pairs with a base with one / two ring(s).
outside, one

31. The T nucleotide pairs with the _____ nucleotide, and the C nucleotide pairs with the _____ nucleotide.
A. G, A B. U, G C. A, U D. A, G

32. a. less than b. more than c. equal to d. None of the above.
The base pairing rules of DNA relate to Chargaff’s rules. The base pairing rules state that A only pairs with T and C only pairs with G. Therefore, the amount of A will be _____ the amount of T, and the amount of C will be _____ the amount of G.
a. less than b. more than c. equal to d. None of the above.

33. DNA replication is the process by which DNA is copied / observed during the cell cycle.

34. DNA replication takes place in the centrosome / nucleus of a eukaryotic cell.

35. DNA is replicated during the M stage / S stage of the cell cycle.

36. DNA replication needs to occur so that every cell / organism will have a complete set of DNA following cell division.
cell

37. A template is something that serves as a(n) _____.
A. model B. inhibitor C. enzyme D. insulator

38. Suppose that one strand of DNA has the sequence TAGGTAC
Suppose that one strand of DNA has the sequence TAGGTAC. Write down the sequence of the complementary DNA strand.
A. TAGGTAC B. UAGGUAC C. ATCCATG D. None of the above.

39. Circle all of the roles that proteins play during DNA replication.
a. They help unzip the DNA strand. b. They hold the DNA strands apart. c. They attach nucleotides to the nucleus. d. They remove nucleotides from the DNA strands. e. They bond nucleotides together. a, b, e

40. In order for the DNA strands to separate, the _____ bonds connecting base pairs must be broken.
A. nitrogen B. covalent C. hydrogen D. None of the above.

41. DNA replication is called semiconservative because each molecule consists of one _____ strand and one _____ strand.
A. original, original B. original, new C. new, new D. DNA, RNA

42. Human chromosomes have only one / hundreds of origin(s) of replication, where the DNA is unzipped so replication can begin.
hundreds of

43. DNA polymerase has a proofreading function that enables it to detect errors / enzymes and correct them.
errors

44. The suffix -ase indicates an enzyme
The suffix -ase indicates an enzyme. A polymer is a string of repeating structural units. DNA polymerase is an enzyme that makes DNA by forming bonds between _____
A. sugars. B. phosphate groups. C. both A and B. D. neither A nor B.

45. Nucleotides come together to form what kind of DNA structure?
A. twisted helix B. compound helix C. double helix D. stem and leaf helix

46. With regards to the nitrogen bases, how are they paired to connect nucleotides to one another?
A. T pairs with G, A pairs with C B. A pairs with G, T pairs with C C. A pairs with T, G pairs with C D. None of the nitrogen bases are able to pair.

47. Nucleotides are held together by what bonds?
A. covalent bonds B. ionic bonds C. James Bond D. metallic bonds

48. What nitrogen base is incorporated in a RNA nucleotide, but not in a DNA nucleotide?
A. uracil B. guanine C. adenine D. cytosine

49. The following strand of nucleotides are provided to you, what would be the complementary strand of nucleotides? AATCGGTAGC
A. AATCGGTAGC B. CGGTACGTAA C. TTAGCCATCG D. GCATTGATGG

50. Which nitrogen bases within a nucleotide are considered purines and which are considered pyrimidines?
A. A and G are pyrimidines, T and C are purines B. A and G are purines, T and C are pyrimidines C. A and C are purines, T and G are pyrimidines D. A and T are pyrimidines, G and C are purines

51. Identify the phosphate group.
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4

52. Identify the nucleotide.
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4

53. Identify complementary base pairing.
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4

54. Identify the 5-Carbon Sugar.
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4

55. Identify the biomolecule.
A. ATP B. Carbohydrate C. Nucleotide D. Protein

56. Which of the following correctly represents the chemical composition of a nucleotide?
A. A polymer of nitrogen bases B. A sugar, a nitrogenous base, and a phosphate group C. A sugar and a nitrogenous base D. A nitrogenous base and a phosphate group

57. A particular nucleotide is composed of ribose sugar, uracil, and a phosphate group. Identify the biomolecule it belongs to.
A. ATP B. DNA C. NADPH D. RNA

58. Which of the following is a base present in RNA but absent in DNA?
A. Adenine B. Guanine C. Uracil D. Cytosine

59. What is the name of the enzyme responsible for adding complementary nucleotides to the exposed nitrogen bases during DNA replication?
A. RNA polymerase B. DNA polymerase C. RNA helicase D. DNA helicase

60. Which of the following is present in DNA but absent in RNA?
6A. Adenine base B. Guanine base C. Deoxyribose sugar D. Phosphate group

61. What is the name of the enzyme responsible for splitting the hydrogen bonds that hold the DNA double helix together?
A. RNA polymerase
B. DNA polymerase
C. RNA helicase
D. DNA helicase

62. Which of the below listed features does a DNA molecule share with an RNA molecule?
A. Nitrogenous base B. 5 carbon sugar C. Phosphate group D. Double helical structure A. C and D only B. A, B and C C. A and B only D. B, C and D

63. The image below shows one of the strands of a double stranded DNA molecule. Which of these represents the correct complementary strand of DNA?
A. CUUGUAGUC B. CTTCTUGTC C. CTTGTAGTC D. CTTGTUGTC

64. The image below shows a DNA double helix
The image below shows a DNA double helix. Which of the base pairs are wrongly represented?
A. 3 and 4 B. 1 and 6 C. 2 and 5 D. 4 and 1