1. Byzantine Empire
“The New Rome”

2. Roman Empire split in 395 C.E.
Constantinople became the center for trade and cultural diffusion
Strategically located where Europe meets Asia

3. Geography of Constantinople
Easy to defend
Surrounded on most sides by water-easy to spot incoming invasion
Wall to protect side that bordered land
Wall

4. “New Rome” Emperors were Roman
They originally spoke Latin (later adopted the Greek language)
Developed Orthodox Religion
Between CE, one of the most advanced civilizations in the world

5. Eastern Rome will be ruled by…

6. Justinian Became emperor in 527 CE
Set up a panel of 10 experts to compile a law code “Justinian Code”
Became the foundation of law in most Western European countries
Compilation of early Roman laws and legal principals

7. He conquered Italy, Northern Africa, and Spain
This proved costly for the empire
Exhausted funds and resources
Empire was lost within a generation

8. Theodora Justinian’s wife Focused on improving social status of women
Was considered a pioneer of feminism

9. Hagia Sophia Church rebuilt by Justinian
Used arches and pillars to make a dome ceiling
Filled with mosaics

10. Hagia Sophia

11. Use of the arch

12. Art- mosaics
Theodora and her court

13. Hippodrome Offered chariot races and circus acts Nika (Nike) Revolts
Chariot races became political
Riots broke out against Justinian in 532 with each side demanding blood from the other and then both attempting to overthrow Justinian
Building of the Hippodrome
Nika Revolt

14. Conflict with Muslims Islam rises in the 600s and begins to expand
Threatens the Byzantines
639-Muslims take over Syria and Egypt
632
639

15. Muslim Conquest In 1453, the Ottoman Turks conquered Constantinople.
Renamed the city, Istanbul.
Hagia Sophia was changed from a Christian church to a Muslim mosque.

16. The Church Divides
In 730, Emperor Leo III (Byz) banned the use of icons
Iconoclasts (icon breakers) broke into churches to destroy images
Tension between churches grew for years
In 1054, the pope and patriarch (bishop of the East) excommunicated each other
1204-Constantinople sacked by Catholic crusaders-split solidified

17. Schism- permanent split of the Christian Church
Roman Catholic in the West
Eastern Orthodox in the East
Blue/Purple- Roman Catholic
Red- Eastern Orthodox
Green- Islam

18. Schism Roman Catholic Eastern Orthodox Service in Latin
Pope had authority over bishops
Pope claims authority over all kings and emperors
Priests may NOT marry
Divorce is NOT permitted
Services in Greek
Patriarchs and bishops head the church together
Emperor claims authority over church
Priests may marry
Divorce is allowed

19. Converting the Slavs (Russia)
Saint Methodius and St. Cyril
Invented Cyrillic alphabet
Vernacular bible
The early Cyrillic alphabet А Б В Г Д Є Ж Ѕ З И І К Л М Н О П Ҁ Р С Т Ѹ Ф Х Ѡ Ц Ч Ш Щ Ъ ЪІ Ь Ѣ Ю ІА Ѧ Ѩ Ѫ Ѭ Ѯ Ѱ Ѳ Ѵ Ѥ

20. Early Russia

21. Russia’s Birth
In AD Kiev was settled by the Slavs along the Dnieper River
allowing trade with Constantinople (Byzantines!)

22. Vikings and Slavs Slavs- original inhabitants of Russia
At first, Vikings sold the Slavs (origin of the word slave)
Later, Viking nobles (boyars) intermarried and adopted Slavic culture

23. Vladimir & Russia Convert to Eastern Christianity (Orthodox)
Vladimir sent expeditions to look at all major religions
He was impressed with the Hagia Sophia in Constantinople
Vladimir converted to Christianity (Greek Orthodox)
He ordered a mass baptism in the Dnieper River in 989

24. Yaroslav the Wise
Yaroslav issued the first code of laws for Kiev (focused on property)

25. Ivan III and the “Third Rome”
Took Russia back from Mongols
Took title “czar” which is the Russia form of Caesar
Claimed Russia to be the Third Rome
Who’s the first Rome?
Who’s the second Rome?

26. Let’s Review!
Who will win? Teacher or students??