1. THROW Pattern PUSH Pattern
proximal segments in front of projectile with distal segments behind projectile
sequential for  v
curvilinear path
mostly wheel-axle
all segments behind projectile pushing the projectile or load
simultaneous for  F
rectilinear path
mostly lever motions

2. Movement Patterns - Related Skills

3. Constraints: Throw/Push Continuum
Mass of projectile
Volume/Size of projectile
Shape/Profile of projectile
Target Area for projectile
Strength/Power of person
Skill of person

4. OPEN Kinetic Chain CLOSED Kinetic Chain
Throw or Kick
End Segment Free [e.g. hand, foot]
sequential movement of body segments
Jump or Push or Pull
End Segment Restrained [e.g. foot, hand]
simultaneous movement of body segments

5. Throwlike Patterns 1. Proximal Parts Move First
2. Distal Parts Lag Behind
3. Achieve either : maximum distance [ HORZ or VERT ] OR maximum velocity

9. 2. A rotates cw while B and C lag behind
Fig J.1
page 338
1. segment A is accelerated which gives L to entire system: segments A, B, and C
2. A rotates cw while B and C lag behind
3. A is THEN decelerated by muscle T
4. To conserve L, B accelerates cw THEN decelerates, C then accelerates cw

10. Transfer L to arm by reducing/stopping L in shoulders

11.  End Point v due to decreasing r
See FIG. J.1 on page L= mk² x 
initial k is from axis “a” to top of segment C
when segment A decelerates, the k changes to the distance from axis “b” to top of segment C
when segment B decelerates, the k changes to the distance from axis “c” to top of segment C

12. v = r 
final velocity of hand or foot or release/impact determines projectile v
r =  d from the axis of rotation [e.g. joint] and the contact point of release/impact
see FIG J.12 on page 352 with regard to r

13. Kinetic Link Characteristics
system of linked segments with a fixed base and a free open end
more massive proximal end
least massive distal end
initial motion caused by T applied to base
T gives entire system L L= mk² x  OR L = I

14. Sequential Motions
1. proximal/massive segments move first giving L to entire system
2. external T decelerates proximal segments
3. to conserve L, next segment, which is less massive, accelerates with rotation now occurring about a new axis and a smaller k
4. Each successive segment/link accelerates achieving   than previous segment due to both m and k getting progressively smaller

15. Airborne Reaction Rotation
See FIG on page 514
VB spiker abducts hip and/or flexes knees to  I (I = mk²) in lower extremities
turntable demo

16. Lever Motions Wheel-Axle
Flexion/Extension
Protraction/Retraction
Abduction/Adduction
Medial/Lateral Rotate
Pronate/Supinate
Inversion/Eversion

17. Wheel-Axle Motions muscle T rotates a bone which becomes an axle
the wheel is the adjacent segment positioned at an angle to the axle
the wheel r (radius) is modified via flexion/extension or adduction/abduction
see FIG J.6 on page 346 and FIG J.12 on page 352

18. THROW / PUSH for Speed and Accuracy
FIG J.8
page 349
FIG J.10
page 350

19. Enjoy the Break
No Class this Friday