1. Living in the Environment
Community Ecology: Structure, Species Interactions, Succession, and Sustainability
G. Tyler Miller’s
Living in the Environment
13th Edition
Chapter 8
Dr. Richard Clements
Chattanooga State Technical Community College

2. Key Concepts Community structure Roles of species Species interactions
Changes in ecosystems
Stability of ecosystems

3. Community Structure: Appearance and Species Diversity
Stratification
Fig. 8-2 p. 166
Species diversity
Species richness
Niche structure
Edge effects

4. Biodiversity Latitude Depth Pollution Theory of island biogeography
Fig. 8-3 p. 167
Ants
Birds
Depth
Pollution
Theory of island biogeography

5. General Types of Species
Native
Non-native (exotic or alien)
Indicator
Keystone

6. Species Interactions: Competition
Intraspecific competition
Interspecific competition
Interference competition
Exploitation competition
Competitive exclusion principle
Resource partitioning

7. Resource Partitioning
Fig. 8-9 p. 175; Refer to Fig p. 152 & Fig p. 175

8. Species Interactions: Predation
Predator
Prey
Prey acquisition
Predator Avoidance
Refer to Fig p. 177

9. Symbiotic Species Interactions: Parasitism
Parasite
Host
Endoparasites
Ectoparasites

10. Symbiotic Species Interactions: Mutualism
Reproductive mutualism: pollination
Nutritional mutualism
Nutritional/protection mutualism
Fig p. 179

11. Symbiotic Species Interactions: Commensalism
Indirect: i.e., small plants growing in shade of larger plants
Direct: i.e., epiphytes, remoras
Fig p. 180

12. Ecological Succession: Communities in Transition
Primary succession
Secondary succession
Pioneer species
Successional species

13. Primary Succession
Fig p. 180

14. Secondary Succession
Fig p. 181

15. Succession and Wildlife
Fig p. 182

16. The Rate of Succession Facilitation Inhibition Tolerance
Refer to Table 8-1 p. 182

17. Ecological Stability and Sustainability
Disturbance
Climax community
Inertia
Refer to Table 8-2 p. 193
Constancy
Resilience
Precautionary principle