1. Evolution and Biodiversity: Origins, Niches, and Adaptations
G. Tyler Miller’s
Living in the Environment
13th Edition
Chapter 5
Dr. Richard Clements
Chattanooga State Technical Community College

2. Key Concepts
Origins of life
Evolutionary processes
Ecological niches
Species formation
Species extinction

3. Origins of Life Chemical evolution Biological evolution
Fig. 5-2 p. 96; Refer to Fig. 5-4 p. 98

4. Evolution and Adaptation
Macroevolution
Microevolution
Gene pool
Refer to Spotlight p. 99
Mutation
Natural selection
Gene flow
Genetic drift

5. Natural Selection Differential reproduction Adaptive trait
Directional selection
Stabilizing selection
Diversifying selection
Fig. 5-5 p. 101
Coevolution
Refer to Fig. 5-6 p. 102

6. Ecological Niches and Adaptation
Fundamental niche
Habitat
Realized niche
Fig. 5-7 p. 104

7. Broad and Narrow Niches
Generalist species
Specialist species
Refer to Spotlight p. 105

8. Speciation, Extinction, and Biodiversity
Geographic isolation
Reproductive isolation
Fig. 5-8 p. 105

9. Extinction
Background extinction
Mass extinction
Adaptive radiation