1. European Exploration & Colonization
Unit 1

2. Bell Work Trade – to buy, sell, or exchange goods or services
Why do people trade things?
List different reasons why.
Do you think it’s faster to trade by land or by sea?
Why?
Trade – to buy, sell, or exchange goods or services

3. Objective: To examine the Eurasian trade routes of the Middle Ages.
Most of the goods come from Asia and move West
(The old saying that “Everything’s made in China!”)

5. Eurasian Trade Routes Asian traders Muslim traders Italian merchants
What happens to the price of goods every time they change hands?
Therefore, who became REALLY wealthy from the Eurasian trade routes?
The price goes up!
Italian merchants!

6. Advancements in Technology
New technology in the 1300s and 1400s, like the magnetic compass and moveable rudder, allowed Europeans to explore the globe.

7. The Lasting Impact of Columbus's Voyage
In 1492, Christopher Columbus set out to reach Asia, but landed in the Americas or New World
Columbus’s voyages marked a turning point in world history and began a lasting contact among the peoples of Europe, Africa, and the Americas.
Turning Point—A moment in history that marks a decisive change
Colony—A group of people who settle in a distant land but are still ruled by their native land 7

8. The Columbian Exchange
The exchange of plants, animals, ideas, and diseases between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres after 1492.
Europeans brought new ideas,
Plants, animals, and diseases
To the Americans.
Native Americans introduced
New ideas, plants and animals
to Europe, Asia, and Africa.

10. A Northwest Passage
Even after Columbus discovered the Americas, European rulers sent explorers to find a shorter route to China. They believed there would be a Northwest Passage – a waterway through or around North America.(There isn’t one)

11. Reasons for Exploration
3Gs
PERS
Description
Glory
Political
European kings wanted to expand their empires and control more people (government)
Gold
Economic
Europeans wanted to find a faster trade route to Asia and new resources like gold and spices
God
Religious/
Social
Europeans wanted to spread Christianity

12. Established in the Caribbean, Mexico, Florida, and South America
New Spain
Established in the Caribbean, Mexico, Florida, and South America
Spanish monarchy became enriched with gold and silver as they took land for mining, ranching, farming, and established encomiendas (slavery)

13. European Colonial Empires
Other nations were envious of Spain’s Empire in America, so they sent explorers to the New World.
European nations colonized the New World because they wanted wealth, power, land, & God.

14. An alliance is an agreement to help and protect each other.
New France
In the 1600’s, the French setup colonies along the St. Lawrence River, explored the Great Lakes and traveled all the way to new Orleans Louisiana. (New France)
To protect their territory, the French built forts & made an alliance with the Natives.
An alliance is an agreement to help and protect each other.
The French controlled everything in Green

15. The French and the Fur Trade
Mountain Men -made their money by trapping and trading fur with the Native Americans (Indians).
The French sold the furs in Europe.
Missionaries traveled the
woods to convert Indians
to Christianity.
Led by Robert LaSalle.
Raccoon
Trapper or Mountain Man
Native American
Beaver

16. The Dutch and the New Netherlands
The Dutch were led by Henry Hudson in 1609 & set up settlements along the Hudson River in New York. (New Amsterdam)
They established a successful fur trade with the Native Americans in the area.
Welcomed people from other countries and practiced religious toleration.

17. England sets up colonies in the Americas

18. Jamestown
1607

19. The Roanoke Colony Fails
1585 Sir Walter Raleigh and 100 men attempted to set up the first English colony in America at a place called Roanoke.
Within a year they were out of food and fighting with neighboring Indians, and thus decided to return to England
In 1587, John White led another group of eager colonists to Roanoke. Again, they ran out of food. White sailed back to England for supplies, but by the time he returned to Roanoke the colonist had disappeared. No one knows what happened to the colonists.

20. The First Permanent English Colony
In 1606, the King of England gave the Virginia Company of London a charter to settle in North America.
Charter: is a legal document giving certain rights to a person or company.
Jamestown: the first permanent English colony in North American founded in

21. The Jamestown Colony

22. Challenges at Jamestown
The settlers at Jamestown faced several challenges:
They built in a swamp – bad drinking water
Disease spread by mosquitoes – malaria
Starvation – men look for gold and don’t plant food.
Poor relations with the Native Americans
Many colonists died!!

23. Native American Neighbors

24. John Smith was a young captain who was made the leader of Jamestown.
Captain John Smith
John Smith was a young captain who was made the leader of Jamestown.
He set up stern rules to save the colony. “If you don’t work, you don’t eat!”
He had colonists drain the swampy areas and dig a well for better water and less disease.

25. Jamestown Survives and Prospers
With John Smith as leader, the colony survives, but gold was never discovered.
John Rolfe discovered and began growing tobacco.
Tobacco soon became a major export to England and the rest of Europe. So Jamestown prospers

26. Life in the Settlement is hard.

27. Tobacco leads to slavery
Jamestown’s new tobacco economy created a labor shortage and led to the importation of slaves from West Africa in 1619.

28. Colonist Continue the Tradition Of Representative Government
In 1619, the Jamestown colonists set up the first representative government in North America, which was called the House of Burgesses.
In a representative government, voters elect representatives to make laws for them.

29. Where did colonist get this idea of Representative Government?
Colonists brought these ideas from England. In England the idea that all people had political rights was established in 1215, when King John signed the Magna Carta.
The Magna Carta was the first document that gave people rights. The King could not raise taxes without the people’s permission.

30. Independent Practice
Jamestown Sensory Figure
Create Timeline

31. Independent Practice
Word Bank: marsh, Starving Time, Captain John Smith, House of Burgesses, Pocahontas, tobacco
1. I watched…
2. I listened…
3. I ate…
4. I smelled…
5. With my hands, I…
6. I felt…

32. The Pilgrims
1620

33. The Protestant Reformation
Until the 1500s, the Roman Catholic Church
was the only church in Western Europe.
Everything changed in 1517, when a German
monk named Martin Luther publicly
challenged many practices of the Catholic
Church.
Because of their protests against the church,
Luther’s supporters became known as
Protestants.
These protests caused a split in the Catholic
Church that became known as the Protestant
Reformation and led to the formation of many new churches.
Martin Luther

34. Religion, Competion and Persecution
By the late 1500s, religion divided the countries of Western Europe.
Each country chose a religion, which became known as the established religion.
People who did not follow the established religion were often persecuted.
Persecution is the mistreatment or punishment of certain people because of their beliefs.
One group that faced persecution in England were the Pilgrims, also known as separatists.

35. The Pilgrims leave on the Mayflower
To escape persecution, some
pilgrims got a charter from
the King James.
In 1620, this group of pilgrims
along with other non-pilgrims
set sail for America aboard
the Mayflower. They wanted religious freedom.
The charter gave the Pilgrims
the right to settle in Virginia,
but they ended up landing at
Plymouth, Massachusetts.
The Mayflower

36. Leader – William Bradford
Needing a Government
This raised an important issue. Since the Pilgrims settled outside the boundaries of their charter, its terms would not apply to them. Who would govern them in this New World.
To fix this problem, the Pilgrims and non-pilgrims joined together and wrote a framework for governing the colony called the Mayflower Compact.
The Pilgrims landing at Plymouth, Massachusetts
Leader – William Bradford

37. Mayflower Compact
The Pilgrims setup a representative government and called it the Mayflower Compact.
In the Mayflower Compact, the colonists agreed to form their own government and create laws that would be good for the entire colony.

38. The Mayflower Compact November 11, 1620

39. The Purpose of the Mayflower Compact
In the Mayflower Compact, the colonists pledged themselves to unite into a “civil body politic” or government, that would make laws for the general good of the colony.
The Mayflower Compact was a representative government much like the one setup in Jamestown, Virginia.
Thus, the colonists coming to America continued to strengthened the English tradition of representative government. (Magna Carta)

40. The Pilgrims faced hard (tough) times.
The First Winter
The Pilgrims faced hard (tough) times.
They didn’t have time to build shelters to protect them from the cold.
They didn’t have enough food for winter.
*The Pilgrims survived because they chose a good leader and received help from the Neighboring Native Americans.

41. Thanksgiving
The next spring, Squanto, Samoset, and other Native Americans showed the Pilgrims new plants and farming techniques.
That winter the Pilgrims had plenty of food and held a fest to celebrate. They called this fest Thanksgiving.

42. A precedent is an example for others to follow in the future.
Religious Freedom
The Pilgrims set an important precedent, when they moved to America for Religious Freedom.
A precedent is an example for
others to follow in the future.
Other religious groups like the
Puritans, the Quakers, and the
Catholics all came to America,
Like the Pilgrims for religious
Freedom.

43. Document Based Questions
DBQ (Document Based Questions)
With your group, you are going to analyze the Mayflower Compact.
Each group is responsible for analyzing the document, discussing it and answering the document based questions in complete sentences.