1. SNS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, COIMBATORE- 641 107.
BIODIVERSITY

2. BIODIVERSITY : AN INTRODUCTION
Source: orgs.unca.edu/tulula/images/biodiversity.jpg

3. Lost My Child Today
I lost my child today. People came to weep and cry, as I just sat and stared, dry eyed. They struggled to find words to say to try and make the pain go away. I lost my child today……………….

5. and at the base Was Loss of And at the base biodiversity
Source:

6. And we are moving towards the
SIXTH……………..

7. Why farmers commit Suicide

8. What is BIODIVERSITY ?
Refers to the numbers, variety and variability of living organisms and ecosystem.
Includes all terrestrial, marine and other aquatic organisms.
Covers diversity within species, between species as well as variations among ecosystems.

9. Factors determining Degree of Diversity
Habitat stress
Geographical isolation
Dominance by one species
Availability of ecological niches
Edge effect
Geological history

10. Types of Biodiversity
Genetic diversity - Diversity of genes within a species. i.e. genetic variability among the populations and the individuals of the same species.
Species diversity- Diversity among species in an ecosystem. “Biodiversity hotspots” are excellent examples of species diversity.
Ecosystem diversity- Diversity at a higher level of organization, the ecosystem. To do with the variety of ecosystems on Earth.

11. Importance of Biodiversity.
Biodiversity has contributed in many ways to the development of human culture, and, in turn, human communities have played a major role in shaping the diversity of nature at the genetic, species, and ecological levels.

12. Important Role of Biodiversity
Ecological Role…..
Economic Role…..
Scientific Role…..

13. Ecological Role of Biodiversity
All species provide at least one function in an ecosystem. Each function is an integral part of regulating the species balance, species diversity and species health: all aspects which are intrinsic for the ecosystem as a whole to survive and prosper

14. Economic Role of Biodiversity .
Food: Crop Biodiversity or agrobiodiversity.
Goods: Various things like timber,paper,medicines.
Recreation: Wildlife tourism, trekking nature photography,birdwatching.

15. Scientific Role of Biodiversity
Genetic resources:Biotechnology and genetic enginnering use the genes of organisms to make new crops and medicines.
Each species can give scientist some clue as to how life evolved and will continue to evolve.

16. Causes of Biodiversity losses
At least 40 per cent of the world’s economy and 80 per
cent of the needs of the poor are derived from biological
resources. In addition, the richer the diversity of life, the
greater the opportunity for medical discoveries, economic
development, and adaptive responses to such new
challenges as climate change.
— The Convention about Life on Earth, Convention on biodiversity website.
Habitat loss and degradation.
Habitat fragmentation.

17. Habitat and Degradation
Destruction of biodiversity rich areas like tropical forests.
Destruction of coral reefs and Wetlands.
Ploughing of grasslands.
Aquatic ecosystem is threatened.
Pollution of freshwater streams, lakes, and marine habitats.

18. Threats to Reefs source:www.oceansalive.org
10% of the coral reefs around the world are already dead. Coral bleaching is another manifestation of the problem and is showing up in reefs across the planet.
source:

19. Threatened Tropical Forests
A world imperiled- forces behind the forest losses
source:

20. Habitat fragmentation
Emergence
of discontinuities in
organism’s preferred
environment.
Fragmentation and
destruction of
Great Ape habitat
in Central Africa.

21. The Root Causes of Biodiversity Loss
This book provides detailed studies on the evolving consensus on biodiversity loss
A framework for analyzing the root causes of biodiversity loss
The underlying causes of biodiversity loss
Addressing the root causes of biodiversity loss….

22. Other causes of decline
Pollution of wetlands.
Over-exploitation of resources.
Construction of large dams.
Commercial hunting and poaching.

23. BIODIVERSITY IN INDIA Source: earthtrends.wri.org
Himalayas - This  majestic range of mountains is the home of a diverse range of  flora and fauna. Eastern Himalayas is one of the two biodiversity hotspots in India.
Chilika - This wetland area is protected under the Ramsar convention.
Sunder bans - The largest mangrove forest in India.
Western Ghats - One of the two biodiversity hotspots in India.
Thar desert - The climate and vegetation in this area
is a contrast to the Himalayan region.
Source: earthtrends.wri.org

24. 244/18664
88/390
72/458
25/521
03/231
09/5749
Source:

25. Comparative statement of recorded number of animal species in India and the World
Taxa
Species
World
Percentage of India to the world
Protista
2577
31259
8.24
Mollusca
5070
66535
7.62
Arthropoda
68389
987949
6.9
Other
Invertebrates
8329
87121
9.56
Protochordata
119
2106
5.65
Pisces
2546
21723
11.72
Amphibia
209
5150
4.06
Reptilia
456
5817
7.84
Aves
1232
9026
13.66
Mamalia
390
4629
8.42
Source: MoEF 2002.

26. IS THE BIODIVERSITY OF INDIA UNDER THREAT?
10% of India’s plant species are under threat.
More than 150 medicinal plants have disappeared in recent decades.
About 10% of flowering plants,20% of mammals and 5% of the birds are threatened.
From to 12 ???

27. Impact of loss of Biodiversity
Increased vulnerability of species extinction
Ecological imbalance
Reduced sources of food, structural materials, medicinal and genetic resources
Cost increase to the society

28. References…
MoEF. 2000, Annual Report New Delhi: Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India
Myers, N., R A Mittermeier, Mittermeier, C. G., da Fonseca, G A B, Kents, J Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities, Nature 403:
Rajagopalan R,Environmental Studies: From Crisis To Cure, page no and 67-82

29. THANK YOU AJAI KUMAR TIWARI- 06 AMIT GARG- 08 BAIJANTI MALLICK- 10
NIKASH ANAND- 22