1. Warm-up *QUIZ* Notes on Respiration
AGENDA
Warm-up
*QUIZ*
Notes on Respiration

2. Photosynthesis QUIZ! Study your notes for 5 minutes  What to know:
Complete formula with number of molecules
Reactants & Products of Light and Dark Reactions
Location of Reactions in the Chloroplast
Chloroplast Structures/parts
Molecules for energy storage/transfer
The Scientists and what they researched

3. Agenda Photosynthesis Quiz Lecture/Notes on ch.9 Cellular Respiration
Card-sort Activity

4. Objective
We will learn the process of cellular respiration: how mitochondria use glucose from the food we eat to make ATP for energy.

5. Chemical Energy
Why do we eat? We need to consume food so we can break it down into usable energy, like glucose.
The amount of energy we can get from food is calculated by the amount of calories it contains.
A calorie = amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1g of H2O by 1 degree Celsius.
You don’t literally “burn” through the glucose in food, your cells slowly release the energy it contains over time. This is measured by your Metabolism.

6. Mitochondria The site of cellular respiration:
Organelle: AKA- powerhouse of the cell
Structure: made of 2 membranes (inner and outer)

7. Respiration Formula
Cellular Respiration means to release energy by breaking down food molecules in the presence of oxygen.
Formula:
C6H12O6 + 6O2 = 6H2O + energy (heat and ATP) + 6CO2

8. Overview of cycle Glucose + oxygen  carbon dioxide + water + energy
Mitochondria perform respiration so we get energy, we breathe out carbon dioxide and water.

9. Chemical Pathways
Just like photosynthesis, there are several steps to respiration:
1.) Glycolysis
2.) Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)
3.) Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

10. 2 pyruvic acids produced
Glycolysis
Occurs in the cytoplasm outside the mitochondria.
Glycolysis: the process of breaking 1 molecule of glucose into 2 molecules of pyruvic acid (3 carbon molecule)
2 pyruvic acids produced

11. Glycolysis is a fast process, it can produce thousands of ATP molecules in milliseconds!
This step of respiration does not require oxygen (anaerobic)
Because glycolysis is so fast, the cell uses up its available NAD+ quickly, and then ATP production will stop unless more is made.

12. Krebs Cycle
The pyruvic acid made during glycolysis is used to make CO2, NADH, ATP, and FADH2 inside the mitochondria
The NAD+ molecule accepts/hold onto electrons as NADH until they are needed for other molecules.
Just like the NADP+ used in photosynthesis

13. Krebs Cycle: AKA- Citric Acid Cycle
In the mitochondria matrix, the 3-carbon pyruvic acid releases 3 molecules of CO2 and become Acetyl-CoA (citric acid)
Products made: NADH, FADH2, 2 ATP

14. Electron Transport Chain
Remember the ETC in photosynthesis:
The ETC uses the high-energy electrons from the Kreb’s Cycle to convert ADP to ATP.
High energy electrons come from NADH and FADH2
For prokaryotes the ETC is in the cell membrane 36

15. The Electron Transport Chain

16. Respiration Steps

17. Fermentation
When oxygen is not present, glycolysis is followed by fermentation, an anaerobic process.
Alcoholic Fermentation: done by yeast in bread.
Pyruvic acid + NADH = ethyl alcohol + CO2 + NAD+
Lactic Acid Fermentation: occurs when you’re exercising rapidly and cannot supply your muscles with enough oxygen.
Pyruvic acid + NADH = lactic acid + NAD+
Results in muscle soreness

20. 34

21. Think-Pair-Share! What organelle does cell respiration occur in?
What are the 3 steps to cell respiration?
What happens if there is NO oxygen present for respiration?
What are the 2 type of anaerobic fermentation?

22. One man’s trash is another man’s treasure!
The products of photosynthesis are the reactants of respiration.
The products of respiration are the reactants of photosynthesis.

23. Net Results Photosynthesis (chloroplast) = Glucose total: 1
Like “depositing” money into a bank
Respiration (mitochondria) = ATP total: 36
Like “withdrawing” money from a bank

24. Worksheet for Cell Respiration
Complete the diagrams and answer the all the questions:
Use Respiration picture at end of respiration notes to help complete the diagram.

25. Vocabulary FAD+ Acetyl-CoA FADH Alcoholic Fermentation Fermentation
Glycolysis
Krebs Cycle
Citric Acid
Metabolism
Mitochondria
Pyruvic Acid
Acetyl-CoA
Alcoholic Fermentation
Anaerobic
Aerobic
Calorie
Cellular Respiration
Cristae
Ethyl Alcohol

26. Safari Montage Videos Intro to Cell Respiration Cellular Respiration
Respiration in Plants

27. Pre-Lab Title: Exercise & Cellular Respiration Lab
Purpose: To analyze the effect of exercise on cell respiration.
Hypothesis: How will exercise affect your bodies production of CO2.
Supplies: Beaker, straw, graduated cylinder, bromethymol blue (BTB).
Procedure:
Part A- (Resting) measure each group member’s CO2 production, breathing rate, and heart rate. Do this for 3 trials, then calculate the resting average.
Part B- (Exercising) measure each group member’s CO2 production, breathing rate, and heart rate. Do this after 1 minute of exercise, then after another 2 minutes of exercising.
Analysis: Calculate the trial averages for all group members. Answer all of the conclusion questions and turn in.
Safety: Do NOT inhale the BTB solution!

28. Each student in your group
CO2
Breathing
Heart Rate
At the end, get averages

30. Unit 4 Review Station 1: Card-sort Activity, make a 3x3 square
In your notebook: write down what matched up.
Station 2: Flash Card review/self quiz
In your notebook: write down flashcard and answer.
Station 3: Work on Review Packet
Due on test day!

31. Warm-up Complete these 2 Respiration Diagrams in your notes:
Glycolysis
NADH
FADH2
Acetyl-CoA
Pyruvate
Kreb’s Cycle
ETC
Pyruvate
ATP
No O2
Anaerobic Respiration
ATP
ATP
O2 Present
Aerobic Respiration
Acetyl-CoA
Lactic Acid or
Ethyl Alcohol
Kreb’s Cycle

32. Photosynthesis & Respiration Fun!
Create a 3D visualization of these processes.
Make a 12-sided shape complete with organelles, formula, products, reactants, and processes!
Follow directions in your packet (last page).
DUE at the end of class today!
30pts 

33. Card-sort Activity Venn Diagram Activity
In your group, arrange 9 cards into 3x3 square.
Match up vocabulary and definitions!
Each person will get a paper, use the terms at the top to fill in the sections for Respiration, Photosynthesis, or both!
Use ALL the words, some multiple times!
Venn Diagram Activity

34. Warm-up Fill out the Photosynthesis & Respiration Venn Diagram:
Animal Cells
Krebs Cycle
Acetyl-CoA
Glycolysis
Lactic Acid
Pyruvic Acid
Mitochondria
FAD+
FADH
CO2 Produced
O2 Used
Heterotrophs
Aerobic
C6H12O6 Used
Cytoplasm
Calvin Cycle
Light-Dependent
Stroma
Thylakoid
Chloroplast
NADPH
NADP+
Photons
Photophosphorylation
Chlorophyll
C6H12O6 Produced
CO2 Used
H2O Used
Autotrophs
Plant Cells
Phosphate
ATP
Glucose
Anaerobic
ETC
Interdependent

35. Warm-up Complete the photosynthesis diagram: H2O CO2 Sunlight Light
Reactions
Dark
Reactions
ATP
NADPH O2
C6H12O6