1. To FIFO Zero – And Beyond!
Dr. Matthew Briggs and Richard Smullen, Ridley Corporation, Australia

2. Overview of fish in fish out
What is FIFO ?
How to get FIFO < 1
Progressing Better Diets
Nutrient requirements…
Raw materials…
Replacing fish meal
Replacing fish oil
Tackling them both together…
What all this means…

3. What’s Driving the Growth of Aquaculture

4. What is FIFO ? Fish In – Fish Out (FIFO) Ratio
% Fishmeal in Diet + % Fish oil in Diet x FCR
%Fishmeal in Wildfish + %Fish oil in Wildfish
725kg
1000kg
225kg
50kg
Used as “sustainability indicator” by some NGO’s and Retailers

5. How Do They Compare?

6. Minimise your Fishmeal
How to Get to FIFO < 1 FM
Minimise your Fishmeal FO
Minimise your Fish oil
FCR
Minimise your FCR

7. Fishmeal and Fish oil Production

8. Fishmeal and Fish oil Production

9. Commodity Price Variability
Price (US$/tonne fob)
Data Source: Hammersmith Marketing/Indexmundi

10. Commodity price variability
Jan 1995
May 2015

11. So how do we minimise fishmeal?
Intake
Palatability thresholds
Digest
Digestibility of alternatives
Growth
Biological value

12. Fishmeal Replacement thresholds
Indoor Tank Trial
All diets formulated to 42%Protein,7%Lipid
Lupin kernel meal and Poultry Offal Meal used as alternative protein sources
Each treatment replicated n=5
Trial run for 42days
Survival = 93.3 ± 0.94%
R2=0.747
P=0.026
Using CSIRO patented technology we have a process that can use a broad range of agricultural waste streams that are then bioconverted using a microbial process to produce a bioactive protein source. This protein source can then be harvested, dried and included in feed for shrimp, where it has been shown to have a significant bioactive effect in stimulating animal growth.

13. 40 + essential nutrient requirements – not ingredient requirement
Essential dietary nutrient requirements
Energy - E
Protein - CP
Water – H20
Arg
His
Iso
Leu
Lys
Met
Phe
Thr
Try
Val
18:2n-6
18:3n-3
20:4n-6
20:5n-3
22:6n-3
Sterols
Phospholipids Ca Mg P K Na Cu I Fe Mn Se Zn A D E K B1 B2 B6 Pa Ni
Bio
B12 Fo Ch In C
40 + essential nutrient requirements – not ingredient requirement

14. Standardising Assessment

15. Ingredient Quality Data
Principal basis by which diets are formulated is from digestible nutrient and energy data
Starch Sources
Plant Proteins
Oil Sources
Animal Proteins

16. Replacement of Capture Fisheries – P. monodon

17. Variability of Digestibility

18. Fishmeal Replacement Add amino acids (lysine, methionine)
What else is fish meal made up of?
Amino acids
Add amino acids (lysine, methionine)
Balance the other amino acids

19. What else is fish meal made up of?
Fishmeal Replacement
What else is fish meal made up of?
Hydroxyproline
Taurine
Anserine/Carnosine
Nucleotides
Polyamines
Peptides
Glutamine
…….+ others

20. Fishmeal Replacement
When replacing fish meal in diets, those diets have to be balanced for:
Palatability
Nutrients
Amino acids
Micronutrients
Gut flora
Identify impacts of environmental temperature of formulations without fish meal

21. Fishmeal Replacement

22. Ingredient Sources GMO Grains Avian Offal Macroalgae Blood Proteins
Fish Offal
Anchovetta
Sandeel
Cottonseed
Cereal Glutens
Lupins
Field Peas
Faba Beans
Soybean
Canola
Krill
Mammalian Offal
Peanuts
Microbial Protein
Insects
Microalgae

23. Fishmeal Replacement Ingredient 2005 2010 2015 % Fish meal 40 18%
Fish meal 40 18
Fish oil 20 5
Poultry Oil 15
Wheat 25
POM 10
Blood
Soya
Others 17
Total
100%

24. Ingredient Sources (%) 1990 - 2020
Raw Materials 1 – Protein Resources
Modified by Smullen from Ytrestøyl, T., Aas, T. S., & Åsgård, T. (2015). Utilisation of feed resources in production of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in Norway. Aquaculture, 448,

25. PerformPlus NoCatch™ for Prawn the new name for MR-S
New diet range
PerformPlus Range
PerformPlus NoCatch™ for Prawn
the new name for MR-S
PerformPlus NoCatchTM Xtreme
With Novacq

26. Introducing Performplus nocatch
Identification of key micro-nutrients that were missing in by-product fish meal
Trial ponds:
7 ponds on MR (15% capture fishmeal)
4 ponds on PerformPlus NoCatch (0% capture fishmeal)
6 ponds on Enhance (20% capture fishmeal)
Stocked at PL15 in October 2013

27. Commercial data
22%
FIFO = 1.6

28. Commercial data
FIFO = 1.3

29. Commercial data – performplus nocatch
FIFO = 0.0

30. Commercial data 2015 MR vs PerformPlus NoCatch

31. Performplus nocatch for barramundi

32. Zero Fishmeal Salmon Diets
: Commercial cages – Commercial diets in Australia
FCR
SGR

33. So what next?

34. So what next?

35. So what next?

36. What about bacteria?

37. Bacterial protein Bacterial Protein Scale Reliability Sustain-able
Protein, lipid + others
Substrate flexible
Non-GM or GM

38. Scalability

39. Bacterial Protein Bacterial biomass strain development Strain 2014
Protein Content %
Strain 2014
Potential
Strain 2018
Strain 2016

40. NOVACQTM

41. What is NovacqTM ?
NovacqTM is a CSIRO patented metabolic stimulator from a microbial floc which when added to prawn diet increases food intake and permits the animal to utilize the feed more efficiently to give at least: 30% faster growth, 25% lower FCR & improve disease resistance
Production utilizes low cost agricultural by-products to produce a sustainable, environmentally-friendly and highly beneficial raw material
Use of this bioactive has been shown to enable formulations of diets devoid of scarce fishery resources

42. Novacq™ Commercialization
Since 2009 Ridley has been working with CSIRO to evaluate NovacqTM and in 2011 signed an exclusive agreement to produce and market the raw material Worldwide and we are now starting production in Chanthaburi
Except CSIRO also signed exclusive deals with Gentech group for China and Viet Uc co. for Vietnam
To date, Ridley have refined the original production process to produce commercial quantities of this new raw material cost-effectively
Ridley has also developed continuous production and harvesting systems for a “pure” version of NovacqTM to improve production, product concentration, and overall economics

43. Dose – Response curve CSIRO NovacqTM
All diets formulated to 42% Protein,7% Lipid
Fishmeal and wheat gluten used as main protein sources
Each treatment replicated n=5
Trial run for 35 days
Survival = 84.1 ± 1.04%
>90% Gain
50% Gain
Basal performance
P. monodon

44. Dose – Response curve Ridley NovacqTM
All diets formulated to 47% Protein,7% Lipid
Fishmeal and wheat gluten used as main protein sources
Each treatment replicated n=5
Trial run for 40 days from 1g av wt.
Survival = 98 ± 2%
70%
Gain
48%
Gain
Basal performance

45. Effect of NovacqTM on growth rate at different dietary protein levels
P. monodon

46. Replacing fish meal and fish oil
Indoor Tank Trial 2
All diets formulated to 42% Protein, 7% Lipid
Lupin kernel meal and Poultry Offal Meal used as alternative protein sources, Linseed oil as alternative oil
Each treatment replicated n=5
Trial run for 42days
Survival = 89.8± 1.13%
P. monodon
49%
114%
86%
105%
106%
Fish meal
Fish oil
NovacqTM Y Y
10%
10% N N
10%
10% N N Y Y Y Y Y Y N N N N N Y N Y N Y N Y N Y

47. P. vannamei

48. Results from AHPND challenge trial (105) with “pure” Novacq at 12g av
Results from AHPND challenge trial (105) with “pure” Novacq at 12g av. Wt.

49. Mean weight fed diets at different protein levels for 40 days from 1g +/- SEM Fed 7.5% NovacqTM
P. vannamei
57% gain 49

50. Cage trial for 50 days at Chanthaburi shrimp farm: compare Ridley diet with and without Novacq vs 3 Thai commercial diets
P. vannamei

51. P. vannamei

52. Trial results using ridley novacqTM
Trials with other crustacean species
Conducted number of lab-based trials over past 3 years demonstrating improved growth and FCRs when feeding NovacqTM-containing diets to:
Marron crayfish in W. Australia
P. indicus and M. rosenbergii in Oman
Now testinglarval lobstewrs in Tasmania
Trials with other species
Had some initial success using NovacqTM in diets for some fish (Salmon, tilapia) and mollusc (abalone) species and continuing to investigate potential

53. Where next as we continue to commercialise Novacqtm R&D
Increase footprint in Australia to be able to supply enough NovacqTM to fully supply expanding Australian prawn culture industry
Expand Asian operations including establishment of NovacqTM production facility first in Thailand and later in Indonesia and other Asian territories
Continue R&D projects to improve efficiency of NovacqTM production and processing and application into increasingly cost-effective, sustainable and non- polluting diets for the future

54. Strong Local Strategic Alliance

55. Any questions?