1. Tenses Vs Modal Auxiliaries
Mohammad Tahir Ali Khan

2. DEFINITION OF TENSES
A tense is a form of a verb and it indicates the time of an action

3. GRAMMETICAL STRUCTURE OF TENSES:
Simple
Forms
Progressive
Perfect
Present
A/V: base form
H/V: do/does
S/v: is/am/are
or has/have
A/V: present participle
H/V: is/am/are
S/v: N/A
A/V: past participle
H/V: has/have
S/v: been or had
H/V: has been have been
S /v: N/A
Past
A/V: Past form
H/V: did
S/v: was/were or had
H/V: was/were
H/V: had
H/V: had been
Future
H/V: will
S/v: be or have
N/A

4. PRESENT TENSES DEFINITION :-
A verb used to show that an action takes place at present is said to be in the PRESENT TENSES

5. PRESENT TENSES PRESENT INDEFINATE PRESENT CONTINOUS PRESENT PERFECT
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINOUS

6. PRESENT
INDEFINITE
TENSE

7. USES Every day activities Repeated Action News Paper Headlines
Past Short Stories
Feelings, Thoughts, believes
Habitual Action
Permanent Situation
Present Constant State etc

8. EVERY DAY ACTIVITIES EXAMPLES I take break fast 8 o’clock.
I go to school

9. REPEATED ACTION EXAMPLES We play table tennis every Thursday.
I watch television most weekand.

10. NEWS PAPER HEADLINES EXAMPLES Pakistan win final.
Bomb blast in Abdullah shah ghazi.

11. PAST SHORT STORIES EXAMPLES India attack Pakistan in 1956.
I visit zoo last time in 2005.

12. FEELINGS, THOUTHGHTS, BELIEVE
EXAMPLES
Mathews love sports.
I hate quiz programs.

13. HABITUAL ACTION
EXAMPLES
I run slowly.
He walk early in the morning.

14. PERMANENT SITUATION EXAMPLES The sun rise in the east.
Computer invention is wonder of modern science.

15. PRESENT CONSTANT STATE etc
EXAMPLES
The flat is clean.
That man is idiot.

16. PRESENT CONTINOUS DEFINATION
If the verb shows an action That is going on in the present Time then it is a continuous tense

17. USES PRESENT UN FINISHED ACTION PRESENT GOING ON ACTION
MIDDLE OF AN ACTION
DECIDED FUTURE

18. PRESENT UN FINISHED ACTION
EXAMPLES
I am doing an interior designing course.
Ali doing his air force training.

19. PRESENT GOING ON ACTION
EXAMPLE
She is writing on the blackboard
We trying to understanding functional english.

20. MIDDLE OF AN ACTION
EXAMPLES
I am stilled writing my home work.

21. DECIDED FUTURE EXAMPLES I am going university tomorrow.
Ali going America next week.

22. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE DEFINATION
If the verb denotes an action Which has been completed then it Is a present tense

23. USES EXAMPLES She has broken her bicycle
The flights have not taken off
Has she finished her homework?

24. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
DEFINATION
Present perfect continuous is used for indicate complete action

25. EXAMPLES
It has been raining for two hours.
Have they been talking since meeting ended?
She has not been working As a designer for 3 years .

26. PAST
TENSE

27. PAST TENSE
A verb used to show that an action was completed in the past is said to be in the past tense

28. PAST TENSES PAST INDEFINATE PAST CONTINOUS PAST PERFECT
PAST PERFECT CONTINOUS

29. PAST INDEFINATE EXAMPLES Yesterday I saw santa in my dream
Ram didn’t go to school because he was sick

30. PAST CONTINOUS EXAMPLES
I was talking to my friend on telephone the thief stole the jewellery .

31. PAST PERFECT
EXAMPLES
He had got the batch neat kid of the week yesterday .
The train had not left the station before I reached there .
Had the teacher finished writing before the principle came.

32. PAST PERFECT CONTINOUS
EXAMPLES
This painter had been painting the pictures for last two years .
This singer had not been learning music
For last one year .
Had this man is learning weightlifting For last six years.

33. FUTURE
TENSE

34. FUTURE TENSE
If the verb expresses an action that will be done in the Future ,then it is a future tense .

35. FUTURE TENSE
FUTURE INDEFINATE
FUTURE CONTINOUS
FUTURE PERFECT

36. FUTURE INDEFINATE EXAMPLES One day ,I will be the rock star .
We will meet soon .
Will I be on the top of the world .

37. FUTURE CONTINUOUS EXAMPLES Ram will be going to his home .
Mohan will not be reading, he will be playing .
Will teacher be teaching in the class?

38. FUTURE PREFECT EXAMPLES Meow will have eaten the bird .
Sohan will not have finished his homework before mira comes.
Will I have finished my song till 9 o’ clock?

39. Modal Auxiliaries Definition of MODAL AUXILIARY
: an auxiliary verb (as can, must, might, may) that is characteristically used with a verb of predication and expresses a modal modification and that in English differs formally from other verbs in lacking -s and - ing forms
First Known Use of MODAL AUXILIARY
circa 1904

40. Modal Auxiliaries
CAN
Could
Be able to
May
Might
Must
Should
Have to

41. STRUCTURE SIMPLE CONTINUES PERFECT Present Subject + can+ base form
Past
Subject + could + base form
Future
Subject +will+ be +able to+ base form
Subject+can + be+ present participle
Subject + could+be + present participle
Subject +have/has+been+ able to+ base form

42. CAN Use Examples ability to do something
In the present (to be able to) I can speak English.
permission to do something
In the present (to be allowed to) Can I go to the cinema?
Request Can you wait a moment, please?
offer I can lend you my car till tomorrow.
Suggestion Can we visit Grandma at the weekend?
Possibility It can get very hot in Arizona.

43. COULD Use Examples ability to do something
In the PAST simple I could walk when I was two.
Permission to do something
In the Past continues I could be going to the movies when I
I was a teenager.
polite question Could I go to the cinema, please?
polite request Could you wait a moment, please?
polite offer I could lend you my car till tomorrow.
polite suggestion Could we visit Grandma at the weekend?
possibility It could get very hot in Montana.

44. BE ABLE TO Use Examples ability to do something In the FUTURE simple
I will be able to walk .
Permission to do something I will be able to go cinema for watch movie .

45. STRUCTURE SIMPLE CONTINUES PERFECT Present/future
Subject + may/might+ base form
Past
Subject + may/might +have+ past participle
Subject+ may/might + be+ present participle
Subject + may/might +have+been + present participle

46. MAY Use Examples Possibility in the present/future. It may rain today.
To do something
in the past
(substitute form: to be allowed to) I May have going to the
cinema
polite suggestion I May have been helping
in the past you

47. MIGHT Possibility It might rain tomorrow in the present/future.
(*less possible than MAY)
In the past: (not very common)
Might I Might have borrow your pen. or
I May have been helping you

48. STRUCTURE SIMPLE CONTINUES PERFECT Present/future
Subject + must/should + base form
Past
Subject + must/should+have+past prticiple or
Subject + had to + base form

49. MUST Must :(strong obligation to do something) Necessity: must
I must go to the supermarket today.
Must :(strong obligation to do something)
We must talk about it
You must have a valid driver’s license.
Strong Possibility (95% sure)
You’ve been driving for 10 hours.
You must be tired.

50. SHOULD
Advice (it’s good – it’s a good idea / not good to do or bad idea)
You should exercise.
You shouldn’t smoke.
Should :( obligation to do something)
We should talk about it
You should have a valid driver’s license
In past She should not have argued in the
last class.

51. STRUCTURE SIMPLE CONTINUES PERFECT Present
Subject + have to /has to + base form
Past
Subject + had to / + base form
Future
Subject +will+ have to + base form
Subject+is/am/are + having to + base form
Subject+was/were + having to + base form
Subject +have/has+ had to / + base form
Subject +had+ had to / + base form

52. HAVE TO I have to go to the supermarket today.
Necessity: have to in present simple/future
I have to go to the supermarket today.
In present continues
I am having to go to the supermarket today
In present perfect
I have had to go to the supermarket today
Strong Possibility (95% sure)
You have to be tired