1. The Panama Canal By: Surabhi Dattatri Kushali Gupta Devika Mehta
Insiya Neemuchwala
Swetha Sathi

2. K.G.
Here is the Situation
Imagine we are all sailors who want our goods to be shipped to another location. There are two routes:
One way will take you one month to reach your destination
The other will take you anywhere from 8 to 10 hours.
But, there is a catch to the second one, the water levels are different. You want to take the route that will take the least time but, how are you going to get through?
YOUR TASK: Brainstorm a way you can safely take the second path. Talk amongst yourselves.

3. How it Works The Atlantic is slightly lower than the Pacific.
K.G.
How it Works
The Atlantic is slightly lower than the Pacific.
Constructed as a three part division
Gatun Locks
Pedro Miguel Locks
Miraflores Locks
Locks built in pair to allow two-way traffic
Total transit time is about 8 to 10 hours

4. K.G.
How It Works

5. How It Works How the locks work: Approach towards the lower chamber
K.G.
How the locks work:
Approach towards the lower chamber
The valve opens and water flows to sea level
Gate opens, ship enters and gates close
Valve opens of next chamber to increase water level
Next door is opened and ship enters last chamber
Water level is equalized

6. K.G.

7. Panama’s Revolution Panama’s battle for independence from Colombia
D.M.
Panama’s Revolution
Panama’s battle for independence from Colombia
Theodore Roosevelt supported the rebellion
Took place on November 2, 1903

8. Panama’s Revolution Cont.
D.M.
Panama’s Revolution Cont.
U.S. battleship Nashville was sent to Panama
Roosevelt’s orders
Stopped Colombian military from invading
Successful rebellion (Panama won)
Relatively easy battle
U.S. recognized Republic of Panama
Led to the Hay–Bunau-Varilla Treaty

9. Why? (Importance) Construction began in 1904
D.M.
Why? (Importance)
Construction began in 1904
Faster way to move between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans without traveling around South America
Before Canal: East to West coast=
13,000 miles 67 days (That’s a lot!)
After Canal: East to West coast=
5,200 miles (Almost 2/3 of journey eliminated)

10. Importance Continued Commercial Importance Save time and money
Shortened sailing distance = reduces shipping costs
Opened additional trade routes
Military Importance
1903: Panama gave U.S. rights to canal for $10 million
Easy and short method of transit for U.S. military vessels

11. Problems During Construction Shortages of labor and materials
Accidents
Terrain-difficult to work on
Landslides
Financial issues due to the cost
of construction and pay for the
laborers

12. Problems Cont. Disease Yellow Fever Malaria Problems Today
S.D.
Problems Cont.
Disease
Yellow Fever
Malaria
Problems Today
Too narrow for modern-day
ships (No longer “Panamax”)
International Trade
Traffic Jams

13. Roosevelt Corollary vs. Taft Dollar Diplomacy
S.S.
Roosevelt Corollary vs. Taft Dollar Diplomacy
Roosevelt Corollary (1904)
State of the Union address
“Big Stick” policy
Due to quote
Relates to current situation
Roosevelt’s increasing tension
America’s interference
Was hypocritical to the Monroe Doctrine
Successful but feared

14. Roosevelt Corollary vs. Taft Dollar Diplomacy Continued
S.S.
Roosevelt Corollary vs. Taft Dollar Diplomacy Continued
Taft Dollar Diplomacy ( )
Created by William H. Taft
Dollar diplomacy
Stop of European powers
Investment
Uprisings
Instability
Revolutions
Moral Diplomacy (Woodrow Wilson; 1913)

15. Treaties Hay–Bunau-Varilla Treaty (1903)
I.N.
Hay–Bunau-Varilla Treaty (1903)
Allowed U.S. to cross Isthmus of Panama
Exchange- financial aid and protection
Panama Canal Treaty (1978)
Under U.S. and Panama control
Panama Canal Zone terminated
Neutrality Treaty (1978)
Open to all vessels
U.S. can use military force

16. P.E.R.M.S Religion: Moral Diplomacy
I.N.
P.E.R.M.S
Religion: Moral Diplomacy
Military: Rise in power, Strategic location,Roosevelt Corollary, Additional military bases
Social: Panama Canal Treaty, Neutrality Treaty, Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty, Roosevelt Corollary, Taft Dollar Diplomacy
Political: Panama Canal Treaty, Neutrality Treaty, Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty, Roosevelt Corollary, Taft Dollar Diplomacy
Economical: Cost of building, rapid transit for trade, Taft Dollar Diplomacy,More trade routes, Decreased shipping costs

17. Impacts Today Important to Panama Creates income and jobs
S.D. & K.G.
Important to Panama
Creates income and jobs
Helpful to the U.S. economy
Imports and exports travel through Canal
Handles 20% of U.S. imports from China
Easier trading throughout the world
Panama Canal expansion
Widening the lanes and constructing more efficient locks
Aid to the Navy
Ranks second to rapidly transfer the Navy power from one ocean to the other.

18. S.D.

19. ♫ Through the Canal ♫ (Sung to the tune of “Under the Sea”)
K.G.
♫ Through the Canal ♫
(Sung to the tune of “Under the Sea”)