1. Plants
Chapter 1

2. Absorb water and minerals Store food
Roots
Absorb water and minerals
Store food
Holds the plant to the soil/ground

3. Parts of the root Root hair: absorb water
Root cap: keeps nutrients from escaping, protects root
Epidermis: protection, outer layer, absorbs water
Cortex: core, stores food and nutrients

4. Types of Roots Aerial: never touch the ground, get water from rain
Fibrous: very thin, branch out to get water
Taproots: start from ground, build up
Prop: support the plant’s stem

5. Stems Support the plant Soft Stems and Woody Stems Examples:
Transport system for nutrients
Xylem: moves water and minerals
Phloem: moves sugar from leaves to other parts

6. Photosynthesis vs. Respiration

7. Photosynthesis vs. Respiration
NEED: carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight.
Sunlight -> sugar & oxygen
Oxygen leaves plant as “Waste”
NEED: oxygen.
Oxygen & sugars are inhaled, carbon dioxide is exhaled

8. Exit Questions
Why do you think that people who own plants talk to them? Will this help the plants grow? Why/why not?
Can plants survive without absorbing the carbon dioxide we breathe in? Explain why/why not.

9. Classifying Animals

10. Simple Invertebrates
Sponges: do not have real tissues or organs. They are asymmetrical
Cnidarians: soft-bodied creatures that have radial symmetry to divide in parts
Worms: soft-bodied creatures with bilateral symmetry to divide into 2 parts only
Nematodes 8

11. Tell what type of symmetry these two shapes have

12. Complex Invertebrates
Mollusks: Have a shell, and tissues that make up tentacles. Have bilateral symmetry
Examples: snails, squids, clams.
Echinoderms: skeleton is located inside the body. Have radial symmetry
Examples: sea urchins, starfish
Arthropods: skeleton is located outside the body. Have bilateral symmetry
Examples: most insects, crabs

13. Vertebrates Fish: 3 types (Bony, Cartilage, Jawless) Cold-blooded
Bony have bones & nerve cord
Jawless suck in food whole, have nerve cord
Cartilage have nerve cord made of cartilage
Amphibians: can live in both land & water, cold-blooded
Start with gills, develop lungs later
Reptiles: cold blooded, scaly skin
Need warmth from sun/light, shed skin
Birds: 2 legs, warm-blooded, feathers, hollow bones

14. Quick Check What 3 characteristics do vertebrates have in common?
What are the 3 classes of fish?
Why do reptiles have to stay in the sun?

15. Mammals Have large brains, have hair (fur) and feed their own young
Warm blooded: generate body temperature by burning food for energy
Monotreme: lays eggs (platypus, spiny anteater)
Marsupial: Partially developed newborns stay in pouch
Kangaroos, Koala bears
Placental: Fully developed newborns
Humans, elephants, tigers

16. Quick Check Why are humans considered mammals?
What does it mean to say that birds and mammals are warm-blooded?
Why do mammals need to eat more than reptiles?

17. Animal Systems What is the purpose of your digestive system?
What is the purpose of your respiratory system?
Is there any system you cannot live without? Explain

18. Systems Respiratory: helps breathe, filters air
Removes CO2 from blood, gets oxygen
Digestive: helps break down food, separates nutrients
Stomach acid = good bacteria
Excretory System: filters toxins (kidneys, intestines, liver)
Removes salt, water, carbon dioxide

19. Systems (Cont’d)
Circulatory: Heart and blood vessels transfer nutrients
Heart gives blood oxygen, picks up nutrients in intestines
Nervous: Series of messages between brain and body
Instincts, involuntary muscles, regular movements
Endocrine: Releases hormones (Adrenaline)