1. 5G: Developments and Action Agenda
Rekha Jain
IIMA IDEA Telecom Centre of Excellence
IIM Ahmedabad

2. New technologies with very high end and diverse capabilities
Not just higher speeds or bandwidths
Multiple Technologies working together, Wide array of application scenarios:
Massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC)
Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communications (uRLLC):
Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB)
Both Licensed and Unlicensed bands
New Air Interface, mm Wave, (new bands) 60 GHz,
Massive Input/Massive Output Antenna
Full duplex
NOMA

3. Trade off in speed, latency, coverage and spectral efficiency

4. Digital Transformation
Distributed cloud server, Programmable network towards the edge
Digital Transformation
Broadband
Mobility
Cloud
Telecom Operators
Devices
Multi-model
New operators from other Industry
Industry Society

5. Specifications Two primary drafting bodies :ITU and 3GPP Drafts:
ITU – IMT2020
3GPP – Release 15
Work on definition of new architecture began in 2016
Work on New Radio Interface began in March, 2017.

6. Issues No standard yet defined by 3GPP
Transition is likely to follow an incremental path.
Both LTE and NR will evolve
Some of the objectives of 5G could be achieved thanks to functionalities or technology introduced in 3GPP releases 13,14,15 actually focus on evolution of 4G - which some refer to as 4.9G or LTE Advanced Pro

7. Development Path Early 5G may adopt these developments
Strong integration between 4G and 5G and also strong convergence between licensed and unlicensed bands.
This began with 4G -> LTE – LAA i.e. LTE with license assisted access to LTE – LWA (LTE with WiFi linked aggregates).

8. Development Path Initial stage - mid 2017
System optimization – mid 2019
Full scale development –
Developing 5G will require
Leading edge technology
Choice of frequency bands
Standards
R&D and Standards

9. 5G Action Plan EU
Roadmap and priorities for coordinated 5G developments across EU members
Target early development by 2018 and full scale implementation by 2020
Provisional frequency bands – make them available before WRC-19 to be complemented by additional bands.
Promote multi stakeholder development
Facilitate industry led venture fund for innovation.

10. US
Spectrum Infrastructure: Tower deployments regulations – sharing urban
Backhaul – how to create competitive quality backhaul
Open up 11 GHz of high frequency spectrum:
Licensed bands GHz in and GHz bands
Unlicensed bands - 7 GHz in GHz bands

11. Challenges of 5G Target is vertical markets
Connected car and factories in the west
What for India? – specific funds and initiatives in each vertical
Spectrum harmonisation
Because of a variety (eMBB, uRLL), it requires spectrum from a variety of bands
Extended coverage – low frequency
Ultra high speed – very large channel - very high frequency
Further, satellite services will contribute for difficult to reach areas.

12. Increasingly small cells
Continual channel for capacity
Increasing small cells
Wide spread development of low power base station
Access to physical locations?
Tower sharing?
Net Neutrality
Because network traffic will need to be “managed” for network slicing
Therefore net neutrality should review this under specialized service.

13. Challenges of 5G Multiple Services Infrastructure Communication
Security
Legislation

14. Spectrum Bands below 6 GHz (5G also needs these for large coverage)
already harmonised in Europe
Spectrum availability 400 MHz
Other bands below 6 GHz
Reframing existing 2G, 3G, 4G bands but challenging as they use duplexing anyway using existing bands means studying existing applications.
Also studies for 700 MHz and L Band ( MHz) under way.

15. US, South Korea and Japan have decided to perform trials in the 28 GHz band, and Qualcomm and Samsung have begun manufacturing equipments these bands.
For France, 26 GHz bands and 32 GHz and 42 GHz bands

16. Depending upon technology emerging in these areas
MM Waves (WRC – 15 (Geneva)) “allocated” bands between 24 GHz and 86 GHz (33.25 GHz in total):
GHz
GHz
GHz
GHz
GHz
GHz
GHz
More like European Recommendations
Depending upon technology emerging in these areas

17. 5G spectrum band development.
Bands
(in MHz) / Country
700
3300
3400
USA 
Europe
China
 (Trials going on)
Japan
India
 (Proposed)
(in GHz) / Country
 (pre - commercial development in 2018)
 (Commercial deployment from 2020)
 (under study)
 (trials from 2017, deployment by 2020)
Source:

18. Questions 5G initiatives Government ?
Europe – 5G PPP – EU - €700 mn in public funding
Partnership between academia
and industry
Facilitate large scale experiment
Regain technical leadership
Lead to 5G action plan (in line with 3G PPP and ITU)

19. Questions for Deliberations
Has DoT identified
Sub GHz band?
Low (below 3GHz) and Medium (3-6 GHz) bands?
Bands above 6 GHz?
Is the identified Bandwidth adequate?
What would be required to make more spectrum available
What should be the priority for assigning spectrum bands?
What process should be used for backhaul spectrum allocation?

20. Questions for Deliberations
What new methods of spectrum sharing may be used for the spectrum in the new bands?
How and what process should be adopted to support India specific standards?
How should we create an India specific sandbox for applications.
How would this contribute to global standards?
What new regulation is required for 5G
What specific mechanism is required to work in tandem with other sectors?

21. Questions for Deliberations
What should be the mechanism for creating a venture fund?
How should the organizational mechanism be designed for effective operation of such a fund?
What changes if any are required in the Net Neutrality regime
What lessons do we learn from global deployments?

22. There is a need to develop India specific standards for interfaces (such as UPI for mobile financial inclusion) and gateways to ensure interoperability and fast adoption. The Low Mobility Large Cell standard from India (TSDSI) has been accepted as a mandatory evaluation parameter for 5G, thus taking into account Indian requirements.
Platforms, gateways for specific verticals will also need to be worked out. Testing and certification systems and processes need to be set up. Boosting indigenous development of testing devices will accelerate the deployment.
Questions :. How and what process should be adopted to support India specific standards?

23. Thank You

24. Building Blocks: Air Interface
New Technologies
Air Interface
Millimetre wave frequencies – frequencies above 6 GHz for mobile fronthaul
Not considered before because of propagation characteristics and technological maturity.
Considering the used cases, the demand for wide channels (over 100 MHz per user) and higher data rates.
New Bands: mm waves
miniaturized low-cost
energy level consumption compatible with portable devices.
because of poor propagation characteristics, each cell will have limited coverage.

25. Building Blocks Massive MIMO (Multiple Inputs – Multiple Outputs):
Large number of smart micro-antennae, located on the same panel
Helps increase data rate and beamforming (i.e. focusing energy on a device) for minimizing link budget
Full Duplex:
Simultaneous transmission and reception of data, on the same frequencies, at the same time and in the same location

26. Building Blocks
IoT waveforms: New standards (EC-GSM or Extended Coverage GSM, LTE-(e)MTC or enhancements for Machine Type Communications, NB-IoT or Narrow Band IoT) which were defined by 3GPP in Release 13 but, as they are based on 2G and 4G, they do not provide the same level of 5G performance envisaged.

27. Building Blocks (Generic Features)
Network architecture
Software-defined networking (SDN) and network functions virtualisation (NFV):
Earlier control and data plane tightly coupled
Control was a plane part of hardware normally.
In SDN it is a part of the cloud and free of hardware.
NFV virtualises firewall, network core, interfaces between different systems, etc.

28. Building Blocks (Generic Features)
Now feasible to bring in flexibility through network slicing because of softwarization and virtualization of a large no. of network components – Software defined networking and Network Function Virtualization i.e. to have as many reconfigurable components as possible.
because of improved performance in terms of baseband coding, bitstream management, signal processing, etc
While some technologies are already available, massive MIMO, NFV. NOMA and mobile edge computing (MEC), yet to evolve. Need for standards, because of requirement of interoperability. .

29. Building Blocks (Generic Features)
CloudRAN: Centralized-RAN
An evolution of SDN. The base stations currently installed at the base station level moved to the cloud and centralised. Such units communicate with the radio heads, close to the antenna. Centralisation gives more optimum performance across devices.

30. Building Blocks Optimised content delivery (mobile CDN):
Use predictive algorithms to cache content closest to the mobile users.
Mobile Edge Computing (MEC):
Evolution of mobile CDN; in addition to bringing data closer to devices, is to provide devices with computing resources close to the devices (hence low latency) and hence manage demanding applications.

31. Building Blocks Device-to-device (D2D)
Direct form of communication between two nearby devices, while Bluetooth and Wi-Fi already exist,
new mesh networking technology will be introduced with 4.9G and later 5G - LTE-direct.
more efficient than previous ones, range upto 500 metres and geolocation capabilities, low latency very good for vehicle-to-vehicle communications.

32. Japan
Bands for 5G development: MHz, MHz and GHz
Testing currently: MHz, MHz and GHz (to be ready by 2019)
China
Bands for 5G development: MHz, MHz and MHz
For higher speed spectrum around 25 GHz and 40 GHz also being considered.
South Korea
Bands for 5G development: 26.5 – 29.5 GHz
Pre commercial services to be ready by 2018.

33. The focuses will be on carrier Aggregation, Massive MIMO, Network Function Virtualization.
NR carriers in millimeter bands (more disruptive technologies), non orthogonal multiple access and mobile edge computing

34. From mobile operators and customer communications point of view
Media / Healthcare
Wide diversity of users, Users digitization of economy and solution
3G / 4G
Consumer communication, Video download, Mobile App.

35. Issues and Challenges Eight key performance indicators (ITU-IMT2020)
Peak data rate (Gbit/s)
User experienced data rate (Mbit/s)
Spectrum efficiency (bit/Hz)
Device mobility (km/h)
Latency (ms)
Connection density (number of connected/accessible objects per km²)
Network’s energy efficiency
Area traffic capacity (Mbit/s/m²)

36. So What is 5G?
Multi-tech 5G targets many sectors. Different types of requirements for various applications – 5G envisaged to be capable of adaptation including for the most demanding scenarios.
Collaborating with existing networks Evolution of 4G and then 5G: Better performance but as a continuation of existing 4G, 4.5G, 4.9G. Early deployments could be 4.9 G. Subsequent encapsulation in 4G.
Multi model devices :Will normally connect to 4G but will have transition to 5G when available

37. 5G Characteristics
Massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC): Broad coverage, low energy consumption and relatively slow transmission speeds. 5G brings connectivity across geographic areas that are wide spread.
Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB): Provides fast connection speed for high definition video and virtual reality.
Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communications (uRLLC): Extreme reactive and very strong message transmission guarantee specially for health care services.