1. ACDV B80 Unit #3
Cason/townsend

2. Writing Introductions
“How to write a hook”

3. click on the link to view….
The video will discuss how to write the following “hooks” as a way to introduce your topic:
Inverted Pyramid
Fact or Statistic
Anecdote or Personal Experience
Rhetorical Question
Bold Pronouncement

4. Don’t forget….
Whichever “hook” you chose to start your essay, the introduction should contain the following 3 elements:
“Hook”
Transition
Thesis Statement
ALWAYS the final sentence of your introductory paragraph
States the author’s point about the topic
Tells the reader what the essay will be about
Example: TOPIC: Student Success
THESIS: Students will achieve success by using some simple strategies

5. Fragments
the “want-to-be” Sentence

6. What are Fragments? Word groups that lack a SUBJECT or a VERB and
do not express a COMPLETE THOUGHT

7. Types of Fragments Dependent-Word Fragments -ing and to Fragments
Added-Detail Fragments
Missing-Subject Fragments

8. Dependent-Word Fragments
start with a dependent word
Examples:
Brian sat nervously in the dental clinic. While waiting to have his wisdom tooth pulled.
After I stopped drinking coffee. I began sleeping better at night.

9. How to Correct Them
Attach the dependent-word fragment to the sentence that comes before or after it.
After I stopped drinking coffee, I began sleeping better at night.
Eliminate the dependent word and make a new sentence. (do not use too frequently)
I stopped drinking coffee.

10. -ing and to Fragments start with a word ending in –ing or the word to
Examples:
I spent all day in the employment office. Trying to find a job that suited me. The prospects looked bleak.
To remind people of their selfishness. Otis leaves handwritten notes on cars that take up two parking spaces.

11. How to Correct Them
Attach the dependent-word fragment to the sentence that comes before or after it.
I spent all day in the employment office, trying to find a job that suited me. The prospects looked bleak. (use a comma if it is extra material) To remind people of their selfishness, Otis leaves handwritten notes on cars that take up two parking spaces.

12. How to Correct Them…
Add a subject and change the –ing verb part to the correct form of the verb.
I tried to find a job that suited me.

13. Added-Detail Fragments
often start with
Examples:
Tony has trouble accepting criticism. Except from Lola. She has a knack for tact.
My apartment has its drawbacks. For example, no hot water in the morning.
I had many jobs while in school. Among them busboy, painter, and security guard.

14. How to Correct Them
Attach the dependent-word fragment to the sentence that precedes it.
Tony has trouble accepting criticism, except from Lola. She has a knack for tact. (use a comma if it is extra material)

15. How to Correct Them… Add a subject and a verb to the fragment.
My apartment has its drawbacks. For example, there is no hot water in the morning.
Change words as necessary to make the fragment part of the preceding sentence.
Among the many jobs I had while in school were busboy, painter, and security guard.

16. Missing-Subject Fragments
Examples:
One example of my father’s generosity is that he visits sick friends in the hospital. And takes along get-well cards with a few dollars folded in them.
The weight lifter grunted as he heaved the barbell into the air. Then, with a loud groan, dropped it.

17. How to Correct Them
Attach the fragment to the sentence that precedes it.
One example of my father’s generosity is that he visits sick friends in the hospital and takes along get-well cards with a few dollars folded in them.
Add a subject (often a pronoun for the subject in the preceding sentence)
The weight lifter grunted as he heaved the barbell into the air. Then, with a loud groan, he dropped it.

18. MLA format
Works cited and in-text citations

19. Get ready…..
Set up your page in Cornell Format or use one of the Cornell Notes templates from your handout packet (HP 13-19)

20. What is MLA Citation?
MLA citation refers to the referencing style established by the Modern Language Association for recognizing sources used in a research paper .
MLA citation style uses a simple two-part parenthetical documentation system for citing sources:
Citations in the text of a paper are used to point to
An alphabetical Works cited list that appears at the end of the paper.
Together these references identify and credit the sources used in the paper and allow others to access and retrieve this material.

21. When do I document my sources?
When I am using another persons exact words.
When I am presenting (paraphrasing) an original idea that is not my own.
When I am reporting or summarizing facts that are available from only one source.

22. Why Use MLA Format?
Allows readers to cross- reference your sources easily
Gives you credibility as a writer
Protects you from being accused of plagiarism

23. MLA Style: Two Parts
In-text citation
Works cited page

24. When Should You Use In-Text Citations?
When summarizing facts and ideas from a source
Summarizing means to take ideas from a large passage of another source, and condense them in your own words
When paraphrasing a source
Paraphrasing means to use the ideas from another source, but change the phrasing into your own words
When quoting any words that are not your own
Quoting means to repeat another source word for word, using quotation marks

25. How to Cite in Your Text
Give only the information needed to identify a source. Usually type the author's last name and a page number.
Ex: Enrique’s “uncle pays as much attention to him as he does his own son, if not more” (Nazario 28).
Citation should not repeat information in your text. If you include an author's name in a sentence, do not repeat it in the citation.
Ex: Nazario states, “His uncle pays as much attention to him as he does his own son, if not more” (28).
REMINDER:
The citation should be placed before the punctuation mark that concludes the sentence. (see examples above)

26. More about using in-text citations
Electronic and online sources are cited just like print resources. If an online source lacks numbering, omit numbers from the in-text citation.
Ex.: “Architects plan and design houses, factories, office buildings, and other structure” (US Dept. of Labor).
Again, citation should not repeat information; if you recognize your source in the sentence, no citation is needed.
Ex: According to the U.S. Department of Labor’s Occupational Outlook Handbook’s webpage, “Architects plan and design houses, factories, office buildings, and other structure.”

27. More about using in-text citations
Sometimes more information is necessary
When you have more than one author with the same last name, use first initial
(W. Wordsworth 23) or (D. Wordsworth 224)
When you have more than one work by the same author, add a key word from the title.
(Nazario, Enrique’s Journey 121); (Nazario, “All By Themselves” 17)
Citing indirect sources: When another person is quoted in your source, use qtd.
(Rivera qtd. in Nazario 17)

28. In-Text Citations Continued…
If the source has no known author, use an abbreviated version of the title:
Ex: Full Title: “Immigration Legislature to Go Before Senate and House”
Citation: (“Immigration” 14)
If the source has no page numbers, use the author or web site’s creator:
Ex: Source: Dave Poland’s “Hot Button” web column
Citation: (Poland)

29. Guidelines for Long Quotations
For quotes that are longer than 4 lines:
Start the quote on a new line.
The quotation must be indented from the left side for the length of the entire quote.
No quotation marks.
Cite as usual

30. Works Cited Page Contents
Contains:
A list of every source that you made reference to in your essay
A list of every source you used to inform yourself about the topic even if you didn’t quote from it in your essay
Provides the information for a reader to locate any sources used in your essay.

31. Works Cited Page Guidelines
Most citations should include the following:
Author (s) or editor (s)
Complete title
Source (journal title, title of web site)
Publisher or Database Title
Date of publication
URL

32. Works Cited Page Specifics
Double-space the list of works cited. One space follows a period.
Use Hanging indent (In MS Word, Right-click, then Format-->Paragraph-->Hanging Indent).
Alphabetize by authors' last names (Last name, First name). If the source has more than one author, only invert the first author's name. If no author is listed, list the source in alphabetical order by title.
Capitalize each word in titles (except articles, prepositions, and conjunctions - unless one is the first word of a title or subtitle).
Italicize titles of books, journals, magazines, etc.
Use quotation marks for titles of articles in journals, magazines, and web pages.
At BC, give the Database Company. such as EBSCOhost or Gale, following the database title
New for the eighth edition MLA (2016): provide URL or web location of online sources.

33. Works Cited: Common Sources
A book in print
Author(s). Title. Publisher, year of publication.
Ex. Nazario, Sonia. Enrique’s Journey, Random House, 2014.

34. More Works Cited
A scholarly journal article from an online database at BC
Author(s). "Title of Article: Complete with Subtitle." Title of Journal, volume number, issue number, publication date, pages. Title of database. Database provider.
An article on a website
Author(s). “Article.” Site, date, time if provided, URL.
Ex: Nye, Bill. “Why I choose to Challenge Climate Change Deniers.” The Huffington Post, 5 May 2016, www. Huffingtonpost.com/bill-nye/whi-i-choose-to-challenge_b_ html.

35. More Works Cited A page on a government website (no author given)
United States, Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. “Architects.” Occupational Outlook Handbook 2016, 17 Dec. 2015, engineering/architects.htm.

36. Sample Works Cited Page
Bessenoff, Gayle R. “Can the Media Affect us? Social Comparison, Self-Discrepancy, and the Thin Ideal.” Psychology of Women Quarterly vol. 30, no. 3, Dec. 2006, pp Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection. EBSCOhost.
Damasio, Antonio R. "Aphasia." The New England Journal of Medicine, March 2012, vol. 326, no. 2, 1992, pp
Credit:  Dallas Tele College Web Design Project Team & Bakersfield College Library

37. Useful Links
Bakersfield College Library
MLA.org
Cornell University
Purdue University

38. Works Cited “About The MLA.” Modern Language Association. 10 Dec 2006.
“MLA Citation style.” Cornell University. 10 Dec
“MLA Documentation.” Valencia University. 10 Dec 2006.
Paradise Consulting Services. “Student Conduct.” Annapolis Valley Regional School Board. 10 Dec 2006.
Stolley, Carl. “Online Writing Lab.” Purdue University. 10 Dec 2006.

39. Writing conclusions
How to “sum-up” your paper