1. Islam
Students will understand the origin, beliefs, traditions, customs, and spread of Islam

2. Agenda CBM Notes – beliefs & spread Exit Pass: Vocabulary matching
Homework:
5 Pillars: photos/captions
Academic: Key Terms – Due Test Day (March 7th)
Pre-AP: Guided Reading – Reading Quiz March 5th
SS Fair Research Final Topics Due March 1

3. Early Arabic Civilization
Arabs – people from the Arabian Peninsula
Nomads – moved in search of food and water
Caravan Trade – traded between Mediterranean Sea and Indian Ocean
Arabs spoke a Semitic language – similar to Hebrew
Arabian peninsula located between Africa and Asia – surrounded by Arabian, Red & Mediterranean Seas
Arabian peninsula – mostly desert
Oasis – large pool of water in desert
Water=life

4. Muhammad born in Mecca c. AD 570 married to Khadija
610: heard a voice saying “Proclaim!”
began preaching social justice, equality, rejection of traditional gods
Angel Gabriel visited Muhammad & told him to “recite the name of the lord”
Prior to Muhammad:
animistic religion – polytheistic
different tribes/clans worshipped different gods

5. Muhammad 622: threatened with death, fled to Medina (Hijra)
630: w/ thousands of followers, returned to Mecca
died in 632
Hijra – fled from Mecca to Medina – feared persecution
622 – year 1 of Islamic calendar
630 – Muhammad, as religious and political leader, returns with his followers to Mecca.
People quickly surrender and convert to Islam
Islam – “Surrender to God”

6. Beliefs monotheism: Allah Islam: “surrender to God”
Muslim: “one who submits to the will of God”
Qu’ran (Koran): sacred text, believed to be direct literal word of Allah
Islam completes the teachings of Judaism and Christianity
Allah – arabic word for god – creator of heaven (paradise) and earth
Priests are unnecessary – people communicate with god directly through prayer
Qu’ran – holy book – word of god as revealed to Muhammad – translations are discouraged

7. Beliefs Muhammad is the last and greatest prophet Others include:
Abraham
Moses
Jesus

8. Beliefs five pillars (duties) declaration of faith daily prayer
alms to the poor
fasting during Ramadan
hajj: pilgrimage to Mecca
Faith – there is no god but Allah and Muhammad is his prophet
Prayer – 5 times a day toward Mecca – pre-dawn, noon, late afternoon, sunset, bedtime
Alms – charity for the poor
Fasting – no food or drink during daylight during holy month of Ramadan
Hajj – pilgrimage to Mecca once in life – only for those who are financially and physically able

9. Shari’a Shari’a – Muslim Law
“Whoever strays bears the full responsibility of straying.”
No pork
No gambling
No drinking
No marriage to non-believers
No recognition of separation of Church and state
Law set out in Qu’ran
Shari’a covers beliefs, rituals and daily practices

10. Holy city of Mecca during annual Hajj

11. the Ka’aba Ka’aba – most holy site for Muslims – in Mecca
The Qur'an states that the Kaaba was constructed by Abraham and his son Ishmael, after Ishmael had settled in Arabia[3].
One of the Five Pillars of Islam requires every Muslim to perform the Hajj pilgrimage at least once in his or her lifetime if they are able to do so. Multiple parts of the Hajj require pilgrims to walk seven times around the Kaaba in a Anti-Clockwise direction . The most dramatic times are during the Hajj, when about 60 million (officially) pilgrims simultaneously gather to circle the building on the same day.[4][5] `
the Ka’aba

12. Beliefs “People of the Book” – Jews and Christians
same god, many of same prophets
Allah is the same god worshipped by Jews and Christians
Muslims see Jesus as a prophet – not the son of god
To Muslims, the Qu’ran is the final book – following the Torah and Bible
All three religions believe in heaven and hell
Muslims trace ancestry to Abraham as Christians and Jews do.
Shari’a law requires Muslims to extend religious tolerance to Christians and Jews

13. Exit Pass: Look at the five pictures on your paper
Write a caption for each picture that describes the Muslim belief represented
Hand in when finished.

14. Spread of Islam
spread quickly along trade routes, w/ military victories
reasons for appeal:
simple, direct message
equality of all believers
based on oral traditions – did not need to be literate

15. Divisions conflict over Muhammad’s successor (caliph)
Sunnis: caliph should be chosen by Muslim leaders
Shi’ites (Shi’a): caliph should be descendant of Muhammad