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The Eastern Front
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The Eastern Front Armies are not mired in trench warfare
But casualties on the Eastern Front are much higher than on the Western Front
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Russian Losses on the Eastern Front
August Russian armies push into Eastern Germany Russia suffers defeat at Tannanberg Russia is the least industrialized and lest equipped to fight a modern war Many Russians have no guns Russians still send masses of soldiers into combat
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Battleground in the Balkans
Bulgaria joins the Central Powers and helps defeat its rival Serbia Romania joins the Allies--wants to gain land in Hungary 1915-Italy declares war on AH & on Germany The Allies help bail out Italy from attack by the Central Powers
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Why was the Eastern Front different from the Western Front?
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The Ottoman Empire Joins the Central Powers
Cut off crucial Allied supply lines to Russia through the Dardanelles A strait connecting the Black Sea and the Mediterranean
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1915 Allies send British, Indian, Australian & new Zealand troops to open up the strait Turkish troops trap the Allies on the beaches of the Gallipoli 10 months 200,000+ dead Allies withdraw
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Ottomans Will Fight on Three Fronts
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Turkey is fighting Russian in the Caucasus Mountains
Region is home to ethnic Armenians Armenians live under Russian or Turkish rule
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Armenian Genocide Armenians are a minority group in the Ottoman Empire
Armenians are Christians & did not have the same rights as Muslims
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When the Russians advance against the Turks in some Turkish Armenians joined the Russian army against the Turks
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The Ottoman government deported the entire Armenian population to Syria and Mesopotamia
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During deportation: Approximately 1.5 million Armenians die Many were killed in planned massacres Starvation and forced marching
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The Turkish government still denies responsibility for the Armenian Genocide
Armenia became an independent country in 1991
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The Ottomans and the Middle East
1916 Arab nationalists led by Husayn ibn Ali revolt against Ottoman rule The British government send T. E. Lawrence to support the Arab revolt The Ottomans loose a great deal of territory to the Arabs including Baghdad
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Lawrence of Arabia
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War in the Colonies
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Fighting in Africa
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Nigerian/British Troops
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French forces from China in Greece
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People in colonies reaction to military service:
European powers turn to their colonies for troops, laborers and supplies People in colonies reaction to military service: Some did not want to serve colonial rulers Some felt service would help them gain independence
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