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AASHTO International Day 2017
Accelerating Deployment of Innovative Technology in Surface Transportation AASHTO International Day 2017 AASHTO International Day 2017 10/29/2017
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Automation Offers Transformative Safety Benefits for Transportation
94% Percentage of Fatal Crashes Involving Human Choice or Error 5.6% Increase in Fatal Crashes from 2015 to 2016 Automation Technologies Can Reduce Vehicle Crashes There is a Range of Technologies from Driver Assistance Systems to Automated Driving Systems Source: NHTSA AASHTO International Day 2017 10/29/2017
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Automation Offers Transformative Safety Benefits for Transportation
5 Straight years of increased mileage on public roads throughout the nation 3.2Trillion Vehicle Miles Traveled in 2016 Automation Could Increase Travel Demand & Congestion Important to preserve mobility and efficiency of the transportation network Source: FHWA While automated vehicles potentially offer new benefits in travel comfort, convenience, and affordable accessibility, there are also questions on how automated vehicles might negatively affect mobility, congestion, traffic flow, contribute to urban sprawl, diminish public transit use, increase fuel use, or lower tax revenues previously generated by driver licensing, fees, or fines. In 2016, people drove 3.2 trillion vehicle miles on U.S. public roads. (2016) reflected the 5th straight year of increased mileage on public roads throughout the nation. Automation could potentially lead to increased vehicle use, resulting in greater congestion. It is important to consider how to preserve mobility and efficiency of the transportation network. There is a clear government role in both ensuring public safety, as automated vehicles are introduced into service, and in ensuring that they are integrated into the road network in a manner that improves the efficiency of the system, and provides equitable mobility for all. AASHTO International Day 2017 10/29/2017
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A Quick View at USDOT Activities
A Vision for Safety Defining FHWA’s Role Planning in a Changing World …And Lots of Other Stuff! I cannot stress enough that all of the benefits that may come from automation will be centered on the Safety of all road users. This is the goal of the Departmental, and every mode within DOT. Therefore, it seems fitting that I will start off highlighting NHTSA’s Vision for Safety. However, while automated driving systems promise great improvements in safety, there are also actions that FHWA and our partners at the State and local level can take to leverage ADS to reach zero fatalities and injuries, and perhaps even reach zero crashes. As we work with industry to achieve deployment of ADS on public roads, planning will be vital to facilitate decisions that also expand mobility for all Americans, while improving the efficiency of our transportation system. An Introduction to Automated Vehicles 5/09/2017
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Automated Driving Systems 2.0: A Vision for Safety
Replaces 2016 Federal Automated Vehicles Policy Focuses on two sections: Section I: Voluntary Guidance for Automated Driving Systems Section II: Technical Assistance to States NHTSA recently released the “Automated Driving Systems 2.0: A Vision for Safety” document. It replaces the 2016 Federal Automated Vehicles Policy. This new document focuses on two sections, voluntary guidance for ADS and technical assistance to States. Section I: Focuses new operating guidance on Level 3-5 ADSs. Reinforces the voluntary nature of the guidelines. Fully maintains NHTSA’s enforcement, defect, and recall authorities. Encourages public disclosure of Voluntary Safety Self-Assessments. Section II: Replaces Model State Policy from 2016 document. Clarifies and delineates Federal and State roles, strongly encouraging States not to codify into statute any portion of the Guidance. Provides best practices for State legislatures, incorporating common safety-related components and significant elements regarding ADSs. Provides best practices for State Highway Safety Officials developing procedures and conditions for safe operation of ADSs on public roadways. AASHTO International Day 2017 10/29/2017
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AASHTO International Day 2017
Next Steps The 2.0 voluntary guidance addresses the safe design of ADSs, which covers all motor vehicles and motor vehicle equipment. Request for Comment (RFC) Docket No. NHTSA /automated-driving-systems-a-vision-for-safety Next steps include: The 2.0 voluntary guidance addresses the safe design of ADSs, which covers all motor vehicles and motor vehicle equipment. The agency has a Request for Comment (RFC) Docket No. NHTSA DOT is also beginning to work on a 3.0 approach, which will address automation across the entire roadway system. AASHTO International Day 2017 10/29/2017
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Defining FHWA’s Role in Automation
How can FHWA facilitate integration of automation onto the nation’s roadways? How could it impact FHWA’s areas of responsibility and programs? How can FHWA support the needs of its stakeholders, including State and local DOTs, planning agencies, and road users? AASHTO International Day 2017 10/29/2017
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AASHTO International Day 2017
Looking Forward… Work and partner with stakeholders to: Prepare roadway infrastructure for emerging technologies Explore benefits of automation and other innovations Position FHWA to serve as a resource for transportation agencies Assess current programs and policies to ensure they meet future needs and support innovation Automation has great potential for transforming our Nation’s transportation system, yet, it will not be without its challenges. So, it is critical for the USDOT (and government in general) to consider the range of implications of what this innovative technology means not only for safety, but for mobility, efficiency and the broader transportation network. As part of its mission, FHWA will be working closely with its partners and stakeholders to explore these issues. In particular, as part of FHWA’s broader Vision, the agency will be working with stakeholders to: Prepare the roadway infrastructure for automation (ensuring that that the physical infrastructure is ready) Explore the benefits of automation and other innovations, with focus on increasing efficiency of automated driving systems. Position FHWA to serve as a resource for transportation agencies (support our State and local partners) Assess current programs and policies to ensure they meet future needs and support innovation For more information about our agency and what we’re doing in automation, please visit our website. For More Information: AASHTO International Day 2017 10/29/2017
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Scenario Planning for the Future
Background Scenario planning is a tool that can highlight the major forces that can shape the future This provides decision makers with information and ideas today to help them strategize for meet tomorrow Purpose The purpose is to use the scenario planning process as a tool to develop several descriptive futures (scenarios) of the deployment, market uptake, use, and impacts of innovative technologies. Scope Technology Scan to collect and analyze baseline and trend data and information for CV / AV technologies Conduct scenario planning workshops to develop futures, describe specific features of these futures and document the process as a “Scenario Planning Model” for CV / AV Identify and analyze policy implications, costs, benefits, impacts, and risks of each scenario to help guide transportation planning, analysis and investment Develop outreach materials suitable for posting on the FHWA website, and for use by the FHWA in training AASHTO International Day 2017 10/29/2017
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Six Potential Scenarios
Workshops Workshop #1 on Scenario Description - Conducted on August 23-24, A panel of 17 national experts developed six scenarios. Each scenario described the characteristics of a future condition that were shaped by an interplay of driving forces (external/global/market drivers), levers (public policies and investment decisions), and outcomes (anticipated future conditions). Slow Roll: The Slow Roll scenario reflects the minimum plausible change we will see in 2035 if the investments, policy decisions, and technology trends of 2017 continue linearly with no further significant breakthroughs in CV or AV technology or changes in the policy or regulatory environments. It is the baseline against which all other scenarios can be differentiated. Niche Service Growth: Due to a mixture of technological, financial, and regulatory hurdles, advanced levels of automation (Levels 3 and 4) are restricted to local niche services, but are transformative in certain settings like retirement communities, neighborhoods, congested downtown areas, and some last mile/first mile services. Connectivity and cooperation also progress in those applications, but with the exception of these niche areas, the world is unchanged from the Slow Roll scenario. Ultimate Traveler Assist: Through technological advancements, investments in infrastructure, and data sharing and privacy agreements, vehicle connectivity becomes almost ubiquitous, giving state and local agencies the ability to manage demand and operations precisely and thereby greatly reduce congestion. However, automation does not progress past the Slow Roll. Managed Automated Lane Network: In the Managed Automated Lane Network scenario, Level 1-4 automation is present to varying degrees in vehicles, and is used primarily in designated lanes. These lanes are outfitted with CV infrastructure to support safety and traffic flow operations, allowing AVs of multiple levels to be managed such that they can travel at designated speeds in a coordinated fashion. Competing Networks: Breakthroughs in AV tech occur, allowing on-demand services to automate the majority of travel without drivers, reducing costs, and vastly increasing their market share. A litany of different services operate independently and competitively, with no cooperation or centralized management. RoboTransit: Breakthroughs in AV technology allow on-demand services to automate the majority of travel without drivers, reducing costs, improving efficiency, and vastly increasing their market share. There is a strong public sector role to support system optimization and governments implement policies to actively manage multimodal travel. In this scenario, mobility is a service or a commodity, and real-time dynamic pricing structures emerge to prevent congestion and optimize traffic flow. Workshop #2 on Testing Scenario Implications - Scheduled for November 29-30, A panel of approximately 20 planning practitioners will be invited to test these six scenarios by applying them to real planning efforts by state and local agencies. This study was initiated in December 2016 and will be completed in spring 2018. AASHTO International Day 2017 10/29/2017
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AASHTO International Day 2017
Other Activities Connected Vehicle Pilots Cybersecurity National Security Credential Management System (SCMS) Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control Truck Platooning CV Pilots: [As you heard Ken mention during Panel 1, earlier this morning,…] the three CV Pilot sites have completed Phase 1 – Concept Development, and are in various stages of Phase 2 – Design, Deploy, and Test. Once the sites have indicated that the deployment functions as intended (both technically and institutionally), they will move into Phase 3 – Maintain and Operate, with a focus on assessing the performance of the deployed systems. This is anticipated to begin by mid The CV Pilot Program is achieving the goals of stimulating industry to develop the tools and products needed for connectivity, and we eagerly await the results of these three deployments. Cybersecurity: This is an area in which all of us are playing, and must continue to plan, an active role. There is no final solution, but rather continued vigilance and effort. On the infrastructure side, the State DOTs are leading through NCHRP project , Cybersecurity of Traffic Management Systems, which was awarded in August of this year. This effort is intended to develop guidance on mitigating the risks from cyber-attacks on the field side of traffic management systems and inform responses to an attack. While the advent of connected vehicle technologies has highlighted the risk of cyber-attacks, multiple researchers have found that our existing traffic signal systems, if not protected properly, can be easily hacked. So the guidance will address the vulnerability of field devices in general. It will not address vulnerabilities within a traffic management center, within center-to-center communications, or due to insider risk, for which best practices exist and are under constant refinement, by industry. This project will continue through August 2019. National SCMS: Recently kicked off, and scheduled to continue through June The objective is to explore potential strategies that result in a viable National SCMS. The team is developing various models of ownership and governance of the SCMS Manager and individual components of the system to evaluate business and financial plans based on previously developed technical aspects. Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC): FHWA is continuing to assess the implications of various applications of cooperative automation on traffic operations and safety. Develop performance characteristics for platooning with different vehicles types (i.e. Car, Truck, SUV, etc.) to support modeling and simulation. Effects of platooning in traffic and role of infrastructure to reduce travel time and increase throughput. The information from these efforts are being shared with industry, who will develop the applications. Truck Platooning: FHWA initiated work on truck platooning using the Exploratory Advanced Research program. Results have validated that smaller headways reduces drag of the overall platoon, and provides improved fuel efficiency for all of the vehicles in the platoon. At the same time, connectivity between the trucks results in faster, automated response to braking and acceleration by preceding/lead vehicles, resulting in improved safety. Demonstrations of this technology have been held in coordination with FMCSA in California and Virginia. Industry, a key partner in the early work, is now moving forward with demonstrating the application on open, pubic roads, in selected States. AASHTO International Day 2017 10/29/2017
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AASHTO International Day 2017
Other Activities Connected Vehicle Pilots Cybersecurity National Security Credential Management System (SCMS) Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control Truck Platooning CV Pilots: [As you heard Ken mention during Panel 1, earlier this morning,…] the three CV Pilot sites have completed Phase 1 – Concept Development, and are in various stages of Phase 2 – Design, Deploy, and Test. Once the sites have indicated that the deployment functions as intended (both technically and institutionally), they will move into Phase 3 – Maintain and Operate, with a focus on assessing the performance of the deployed systems. This is anticipated to begin by mid The CV Pilot Program is achieving the goals of stimulating industry to develop the tools and products needed for connectivity, and we eagerly await the results of these three deployments. Cybersecurity: This is an area in which all of us are playing, and must continue to plan, an active role. There is no final solution, but rather continued vigilance and effort. On the infrastructure side, the State DOTs are leading through NCHRP project , Cybersecurity of Traffic Management Systems, which was awarded in August of this year. This effort is intended to develop guidance on mitigating the risks from cyber-attacks on the field side of traffic management systems and inform responses to an attack. While the advent of connected vehicle technologies has highlighted the risk of cyber-attacks, multiple researchers have found that our existing traffic signal systems, if not protected properly, can be easily hacked. So the guidance will address the vulnerability of field devices in general. It will not address vulnerabilities within a traffic management center, within center-to-center communications, or due to insider risk, for which best practices exist and are under constant refinement, by industry. This project will continue through August 2019. National SCMS: Recently kicked off, and scheduled to continue through June The objective is to explore potential strategies that result in a viable National SCMS. The team is developing various models of ownership and governance of the SCMS Manager and individual components of the system to evaluate business and financial plans based on previously developed technical aspects. Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC): FHWA is continuing to assess the implications of various applications of cooperative automation on traffic operations and safety. Develop performance characteristics for platooning with different vehicles types (i.e. Car, Truck, SUV, etc.) to support modeling and simulation. Effects of platooning in traffic and role of infrastructure to reduce travel time and increase throughput. The information from these efforts are being shared with industry, who will develop the applications. Truck Platooning: FHWA initiated work on truck platooning using the Exploratory Advanced Research program. Results have validated that smaller headways reduces drag of the overall platoon, and provides improved fuel efficiency for all of the vehicles in the platoon. At the same time, connectivity between the trucks results in faster, automated response to braking and acceleration by preceding/lead vehicles, resulting in improved safety. Demonstrations of this technology have been held in coordination with FMCSA in California and Virginia. Industry, a key partner in the early work, is now moving forward with demonstrating the application on open, pubic roads, in selected States. AASHTO International Day 2017 10/29/2017
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AASHTO International Day 2017
Other Activities Connected Vehicle Pilots Cybersecurity National Security Credential Management System (SCMS) Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control Truck Platooning CV Pilots: [As you heard Ken mention during Panel 1, earlier this morning,…] the three CV Pilot sites have completed Phase 1 – Concept Development, and are in various stages of Phase 2 – Design, Deploy, and Test. Once the sites have indicated that the deployment functions as intended (both technically and institutionally), they will move into Phase 3 – Maintain and Operate, with a focus on assessing the performance of the deployed systems. This is anticipated to begin by mid The CV Pilot Program is achieving the goals of stimulating industry to develop the tools and products needed for connectivity, and we eagerly await the results of these three deployments. Cybersecurity: This is an area in which all of us are playing, and must continue to plan, an active role. There is no final solution, but rather continued vigilance and effort. On the infrastructure side, the State DOTs are leading through NCHRP project , Cybersecurity of Traffic Management Systems, which was awarded in August of this year. This effort is intended to develop guidance on mitigating the risks from cyber-attacks on the field side of traffic management systems and inform responses to an attack. While the advent of connected vehicle technologies has highlighted the risk of cyber-attacks, multiple researchers have found that our existing traffic signal systems, if not protected properly, can be easily hacked. So the guidance will address the vulnerability of field devices in general. It will not address vulnerabilities within a traffic management center, within center-to-center communications, or due to insider risk, for which best practices exist and are under constant refinement, by industry. This project will continue through August 2019. National SCMS: Recently kicked off, and scheduled to continue through June The objective is to explore potential strategies that result in a viable National SCMS. The team is developing various models of ownership and governance of the SCMS Manager and individual components of the system to evaluate business and financial plans based on previously developed technical aspects. Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC): FHWA is continuing to assess the implications of various applications of cooperative automation on traffic operations and safety. Develop performance characteristics for platooning with different vehicles types (i.e. Car, Truck, SUV, etc.) to support modeling and simulation. Effects of platooning in traffic and role of infrastructure to reduce travel time and increase throughput. The information from these efforts are being shared with industry, who will develop the applications. Truck Platooning: FHWA initiated work on truck platooning using the Exploratory Advanced Research program. Results have validated that smaller headways reduces drag of the overall platoon, and provides improved fuel efficiency for all of the vehicles in the platoon. At the same time, connectivity between the trucks results in faster, automated response to braking and acceleration by preceding/lead vehicles, resulting in improved safety. Demonstrations of this technology have been held in coordination with FMCSA in California and Virginia. Industry, a key partner in the early work, is now moving forward with demonstrating the application on open, pubic roads, in selected States. AASHTO International Day 2017 10/29/2017
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AASHTO International Day 2017
Other Activities Connected Vehicle Pilots Cybersecurity National Security Credential Management System (SCMS) Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control Truck Platooning CV Pilots: [As you heard Ken mention during Panel 1, earlier this morning,…] the three CV Pilot sites have completed Phase 1 – Concept Development, and are in various stages of Phase 2 – Design, Deploy, and Test. Once the sites have indicated that the deployment functions as intended (both technically and institutionally), they will move into Phase 3 – Maintain and Operate, with a focus on assessing the performance of the deployed systems. This is anticipated to begin by mid The CV Pilot Program is achieving the goals of stimulating industry to develop the tools and products needed for connectivity, and we eagerly await the results of these three deployments. Cybersecurity: This is an area in which all of us are playing, and must continue to plan, an active role. There is no final solution, but rather continued vigilance and effort. On the infrastructure side, the State DOTs are leading through NCHRP project , Cybersecurity of Traffic Management Systems, which was awarded in August of this year. This effort is intended to develop guidance on mitigating the risks from cyber-attacks on the field side of traffic management systems and inform responses to an attack. While the advent of connected vehicle technologies has highlighted the risk of cyber-attacks, multiple researchers have found that our existing traffic signal systems, if not protected properly, can be easily hacked. So the guidance will address the vulnerability of field devices in general. It will not address vulnerabilities within a traffic management center, within center-to-center communications, or due to insider risk, for which best practices exist and are under constant refinement, by industry. This project will continue through August 2019. National SCMS: Recently kicked off, and scheduled to continue through June The objective is to explore potential strategies that result in a viable National SCMS. The team is developing various models of ownership and governance of the SCMS Manager and individual components of the system to evaluate business and financial plans based on previously developed technical aspects. Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC): FHWA is continuing to assess the implications of various applications of cooperative automation on traffic operations and safety. Develop performance characteristics for platooning with different vehicles types (i.e. Car, Truck, SUV, etc.) to support modeling and simulation. Effects of platooning in traffic and role of infrastructure to reduce travel time and increase throughput. The information from these efforts are being shared with industry, who will develop the applications. Truck Platooning: FHWA initiated work on truck platooning using the Exploratory Advanced Research program. Results have validated that smaller headways reduces drag of the overall platoon, and provides improved fuel efficiency for all of the vehicles in the platoon. At the same time, connectivity between the trucks results in faster, automated response to braking and acceleration by preceding/lead vehicles, resulting in improved safety. Demonstrations of this technology have been held in coordination with FMCSA in California and Virginia. Industry, a key partner in the early work, is now moving forward with demonstrating the application on open, pubic roads, in selected States. AASHTO International Day 2017 10/29/2017
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AASHTO International Day 2017
Other Activities Connected Vehicle Pilots Cybersecurity National Security Credential Management System (SCMS) Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control Truck Platooning CV Pilots: [As you heard Ken mention during Panel 1, earlier this morning,…] the three CV Pilot sites have completed Phase 1 – Concept Development, and are in various stages of Phase 2 – Design, Deploy, and Test. Once the sites have indicated that the deployment functions as intended (both technically and institutionally), they will move into Phase 3 – Maintain and Operate, with a focus on assessing the performance of the deployed systems. This is anticipated to begin by mid The CV Pilot Program is achieving the goals of stimulating industry to develop the tools and products needed for connectivity, and we eagerly await the results of these three deployments. Cybersecurity: This is an area in which all of us are playing, and must continue to plan, an active role. There is no final solution, but rather continued vigilance and effort. On the infrastructure side, the State DOTs are leading through NCHRP project , Cybersecurity of Traffic Management Systems, which was awarded in August of this year. This effort is intended to develop guidance on mitigating the risks from cyber-attacks on the field side of traffic management systems and inform responses to an attack. While the advent of connected vehicle technologies has highlighted the risk of cyber-attacks, multiple researchers have found that our existing traffic signal systems, if not protected properly, can be easily hacked. So the guidance will address the vulnerability of field devices in general. It will not address vulnerabilities within a traffic management center, within center-to-center communications, or due to insider risk, for which best practices exist and are under constant refinement, by industry. This project will continue through August 2019. National SCMS: Recently kicked off, and scheduled to continue through June The objective is to explore potential strategies that result in a viable National SCMS. The team is developing various models of ownership and governance of the SCMS Manager and individual components of the system to evaluate business and financial plans based on previously developed technical aspects. Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC): FHWA is continuing to assess the implications of various applications of cooperative automation on traffic operations and safety. Develop performance characteristics for platooning with different vehicles types (i.e. Car, Truck, SUV, etc.) to support modeling and simulation. Effects of platooning in traffic and role of infrastructure to reduce travel time and increase throughput. The information from these efforts are being shared with industry, who will develop the applications. Truck Platooning: FHWA initiated work on truck platooning using the Exploratory Advanced Research program. Results have validated that smaller headways reduces drag of the overall platoon, and provides improved fuel efficiency for all of the vehicles in the platoon. At the same time, connectivity between the trucks results in faster, automated response to braking and acceleration by preceding/lead vehicles, resulting in improved safety. Demonstrations of this technology have been held in coordination with FMCSA in California and Virginia. Industry, a key partner in the early work, is now moving forward with demonstrating the application on open, pubic roads, in selected States. AASHTO International Day 2017 10/29/2017
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AASHTO International Day 2017
Other Activities Connected Vehicle Pilots Cybersecurity National Security Credential Management System (SCMS) Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control Truck Platooning CV Pilots: [As you heard Ken mention during Panel 1, earlier this morning,…] the three CV Pilot sites have completed Phase 1 – Concept Development, and are in various stages of Phase 2 – Design, Deploy, and Test. Once the sites have indicated that the deployment functions as intended (both technically and institutionally), they will move into Phase 3 – Maintain and Operate, with a focus on assessing the performance of the deployed systems. This is anticipated to begin by mid The CV Pilot Program is achieving the goals of stimulating industry to develop the tools and products needed for connectivity, and we eagerly await the results of these three deployments. Cybersecurity: This is an area in which all of us are playing, and must continue to plan, an active role. There is no final solution, but rather continued vigilance and effort. On the infrastructure side, the State DOTs are leading through NCHRP project , Cybersecurity of Traffic Management Systems, which was awarded in August of this year. This effort is intended to develop guidance on mitigating the risks from cyber-attacks on the field side of traffic management systems and inform responses to an attack. While the advent of connected vehicle technologies has highlighted the risk of cyber-attacks, multiple researchers have found that our existing traffic signal systems, if not protected properly, can be easily hacked. So the guidance will address the vulnerability of field devices in general. It will not address vulnerabilities within a traffic management center, within center-to-center communications, or due to insider risk, for which best practices exist and are under constant refinement, by industry. This project will continue through August 2019. National SCMS: Recently kicked off, and scheduled to continue through June The objective is to explore potential strategies that result in a viable National SCMS. The team is developing various models of ownership and governance of the SCMS Manager and individual components of the system to evaluate business and financial plans based on previously developed technical aspects. Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC): FHWA is continuing to assess the implications of various applications of cooperative automation on traffic operations and safety. Develop performance characteristics for platooning with different vehicles types (i.e. Car, Truck, SUV, etc.) to support modeling and simulation. Effects of platooning in traffic and role of infrastructure to reduce travel time and increase throughput. The information from these efforts are being shared with industry, who will develop the applications. Truck Platooning: FHWA initiated work on truck platooning using the Exploratory Advanced Research program. Results have validated that smaller headways reduces drag of the overall platoon, and provides improved fuel efficiency for all of the vehicles in the platoon. At the same time, connectivity between the trucks results in faster, automated response to braking and acceleration by preceding/lead vehicles, resulting in improved safety. Demonstrations of this technology have been held in coordination with FMCSA in California and Virginia. Industry, a key partner in the early work, is now moving forward with demonstrating the application on open, pubic roads, in selected States. AASHTO International Day 2017 10/29/2017
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Martin Knopp Martin.Knopp@dot.gov Federal Highway Administration
For More Information Martin Knopp Federal Highway Administration AASHTO International Day 2017 10/29/2017
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