1. Chapter 7-2 Challenges of Urbanization
Boston
1872
Chapter 7-2 Challenges of Urbanization
What problems
do you see here?

2. Objective To learn about:
Around 1900, cities grow fast as immigrants settle there
Cities face many problems b/c of rapid growth

3. It’s important because…..
Although cities continue to face challenges today, things are much better than they were 120 years ago.
When people and govts work together, we can make progress!!

4. Guess how kids do on the 1st test…
Horribly! 
Guess why?
They don’t study…..
How do you study?

5. Focus Q: Thurs., Oct. 3 Review 7-2 section summary.
List and describe 3 challenges cities faced around 1900.
Include 2 solutions

6. Focus Q: for DBQ
What were solutions for housing problems?

7. Impact of Industrialization
American Industrial Revolution Immigration rises…….. Urbanization: cities grow

8. Focus Question Oct. 12
We’re discussing the movement of people to cities today in class and the challenges those people faced.
Would you prefer to live in the city or in the country?
List some positives and negatives of both.

9. Focus Q: Oct. 8 See page 258 Define MELTING POT.
How is American a good example of this?
What are some example in this area?

10. Chapter Summary expectations 
Always read, “Before You Read.”
Highlight, circle, underline, use different colors.
Do charts, Q’s assigned.
10 points—I reward effort and thinking.

11. List the 5 most important qualities your life-partner must possess.
Focus Q: Monday, Oct. 7
List the 5 most important qualities your life-partner must possess.

12. ***Growth of cities***
Define Urbanization.
***Growth of cities***
cities grow b/c factories provide many unskilled jobs
much opportunity, support from other immigrants
**b/c of the Industrial Revolution, immigration increased, cities grew**

14. Why do immigrants settle in the cities?
**cities are the:
cheapest and most convenient and have
housing and jobs**

15. Define Americanization Movement
designed to assimilate diff. cultures into the US culture….Turn them into “Americans”
Sponsored by govt. and citizens
Learn English, US History and govt., dress like us
some don’t want to abandon their culture, traditions

16. Italian Immigrants
Polish Immigrants
Chinese immigrants

17. Think/Pair/Share
Native born Americans are threatened by the millions of immigrants pouring into the US….. What do you think will be the impact/results of this?

18. Rural people are pushed to cities b/c…
New technology makes farming more efficient, resulting in the loss of jobs for some farm workers, who move to cities.
Escape racial violence, poverty, lack of voting rights—who’s this apply to?

19. What pulls them to the city?
jobs

20. Housing Problems Crowded lack of ventilation and light
What problems do you see on the next slide?

22. Housing Solutions **row house *save space by sharing walls*
single family, working class housing, takes up less space—solution to overcrowding
bathrooms, running H2O, indoor toilet

23. Housing Solutions Row houses are now called tenements
after working class move out of row houses, immigrants move in
Row houses are now called tenements
2-3 families per house
Overcrowded, unsanitary

24. Row Houses
saving space by
sharing walls
Boston’s South End

25. Housing Solutions
Dumbbell tenements—solution to lack of ventilation, light
1879 NYC law—apartments must have a window in each room for ventilation and plumbing
Garbage pick up is rare—throw garbage out the window—stinks, attracts animals
So they board up the windows

27. Transportation Problems
move lots of people w/in cities and in and out of cities
need mass transportation,

28. Transportation Solutions will…..
get people to work faster
in and out of city faster
EXPAND THE SIZE OF CITIES

29. Transportation Solutions
*Cable car*—San Fran.—1873
*subways*—Boston—1897
Electric streetcar—Richmond, VA—1888
few paved roads—late 1800s asphalt is cheaper—used to pave roads

30. San Francisco with Alcatraz in the background

31. Richmond, VA Electric Streetcars, 1905

32. Water Problems lack of fresh water—sewage in H2O
Diseases: cholera, typhoid fever

33. **Water Solutions** **chlorination (1893)
Filtration** (1908) to deal w/ cholera and typhoid (from sewage in H2O)
early 1900s, it’s still a problem

34. **Sanitation Problems**
garbage dumped in streets
manure in street
sewage in open gutters
factory pollution in air/H2O
**list 2 sanitation problems**

36. Sanitation Solutions
“scavengers”—hired to clean streets, outhouses, collect garbage—did poor job
Sewer lines
sanitation depts. (garbage men)
huge challenge for cities

37. Ever seen this picture?

38. **Fire Problems** **wooden buildings candles for light
Kerosene, coal for heat**
lacked H2O to put out fires

39. Fire Solutions 1853 1st paid fire dept. Cincinnati
1874 automatic fire sprinklers
building w/ brick, stone, concrete—safer
by 1900, most have full-time fire depts

40. The Great Chicago Fire October 8–10, 1871
The fire burned for
over 24 hours.
• An estimated 300
people died.
• 100,000 were left
homeless.
• More than 3 square
miles of the city
center was
destroyed.
• Property loss was
estimated at $200
million.
• 17,500 buildings
were destroyed

41. The San Francisco Earthquake April 18, 1906
The quake lasted
28 seconds; fires
burned for 4 days.
• An estimated
1,000 people
died.
• Over 200,000 were
left homeless.
• Fire swept
through 5 square
miles of the city.
• Property loss was
estimated at
$500 million.
• 28,000 buildings
were destroyed.

42. Crime Problems
1. pick pockets, thieves, con men scam immigrants and country folks

43. Crime Solutions 1. 1844—NYC 1st salaried police force
most police depts. were small, couldn’t protect people

44. 7-2 left side Divide your paper in third’s.
Draw pictures that represent the 3 worst problems cities faced. Include solutions.
Problems
Solutions 1 2 3

45. Summarize On focus Q page 3 things you learned 1 simile
Reminds me of……

46. video United Streaming: search
New York Up-close: Immigration and the Industrial Revolution
American History: Urban Growth in America,
Chapter: Getting Out of the Slums: Immigrants Turning to a Life of Crime

47. After 7-2
Draw a continuum on the board: mostly bad……..mostly good. Have students come up and write their initials on the continuum to reflect their feelings.

48. Was industrialization mostly good or mostly bad for most Americans?
After 7-2
Was industrialization mostly good or mostly bad for most Americans?
Come to the board and
make a mark on the continuum
Initial below the mark

49. Was industrialization mostly good or mostly bad for most Americans?
mostly mostly good bad _____________________//_____________________

50. After 7-1 Ask: What does this mean?
Pick some initials, ask why they voted that way.

51. Quick Write
If you were on the mostly positive side: 3 positives, 1 negative of industrialization.
If you were on the mostly negative side: 3 negatives, 1 positive of industrialization.
If you were in the middle: 2 pos/2 negs of industrialization.

52. Postcard from the Island (Ellis or Angel)
You are going to CREATE A POST CARD to your relatives still in your homeland
Your FRONT (top) must be decorated and ILLUSTRATE America at the time
Have color and creativity
The BACK (bottom) must include a LETTER HOME describing:
Why you left home
What the experience has been like thus far
Problems you have experienced/are experiencing
And thoughts about what the future holds for you in America

53. The back must include a letter home describing:
Your front must be decorated and illustrate America at the time
The back must include a letter home describing:
Why you left home
What the experience has been like thus far
Problems you have experienced/are experiencing
Feelings regarding the entire experience
And thoughts about what the future holds for you in America