1. Warm Up 12/5 #41 – Why weren’t cells discovered until 1665?

2. CELLS

3. Who? What? When?
1665, Robert Hooke – looking at cork under a microscope saw tiny boxes like “rooms” and called them cells. (plants and fungi)
1673, Anton van Leeuwenhoek – looking at pond scum saw tiny moving creatures and called them animalcules. Also saw bacteria, blood, and yeast.
Mid 1800’s other scientists added new discoveries and developed the “Cell Theory”
Schleiden (plants), Schwann (animals), Virchow (cell reproduction)

4. The Cell Theory: All living things are made of one or more cells.
2. Cells are the basic units of life.
3. Cells come from other cells.

5. What’s in a cell?
Cell Membrane – the barrier around the cell that protects it and controls what goes into and out of the cell
Organelles – small structures that carry out specific duties for that cell
Nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, ribosomes
DNA – genetic information that tells the cell what, when, and how to do the things it does (like a road map for life)
Cytoplasm – the fluid in which the organelles and other chemicals are “floating around”

6. 2 Types of Cells
1. Prokaryotes - cells with no nucleus or organelles with membranes. Bacteria and blue-green bacteria are prokaryotic cells. (*smallest cells)

7. 2. Eukaryotes - cells that contain a nucleus and organelles surrounded by a membrane. The cells of protozoa, algae, fungi, plants, and animals are eukaryotic cells. (*larger and more complex)
Plant Cell Animal Cell

8. Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic
No nucleus
No membrane-covered organelles
Circular DNA
Bacteria
Nucleus
Membrane-covered organelles
Linear DNA
All other cells

9. A whale is much larger than a flea. Which animal’s cells are larger?

10. Cell Size More surface area = more materials pass in and out!!
That’s a GOOD thing!!

11. Warm Up 12/6 First one from each group get your plants, pollinate and leave at your table. Everyone: add the drawing to lesson 5 of the “mature” stage. Label these parts; flower, leaf, stem, cotyledon.

12. SECTION: THE DIVERSITY OF CELLS 1. cell 2. C 3. D 4. A 5. E 6. B 7. C 8. A 9. B 10. All organisms are made of one or more cells. The cell is the basic unit of all living things. All cells come from existing cells. 11. cell of plants and fungi 12. B 13. E 14. D 15. A 16. C
17. cell membranes, organelles,
cytoplasm, and DNA
18. eukaryotic and prokaryotic
19. Prokaryotes are organisms that
consist of a single cell that does not have a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles.
20. eubacteria, or bacteria
21. tiny, round organelles made of protein and other material
22. Archaebacterial ribosomes are
different from eubacterial ribosomes
23. heat-loving, salt-loving, and
methane-making
24. D
25. B
26. A
27. “many cells” H J I B F E G C A D

13. Warm Up 12/7 Update Photocard Lesson for Brassica rappa
Warm Up 12/7 Update Photocard Lesson for Brassica rappa. First person done in your group, remove any unopened flower buds from your Fast Plants. Do not add any water.

15. using carbon dioxide, water, and light energy to make sugar and oxygen
Photosynthesis
using carbon dioxide, water, and light energy to make sugar and oxygen
Cell Respiration
uses oxygen to break down sugar and releases carbon dioxide, water, and ATP (energy)
Fermentation
producing energy without the use of oxygen (sometimes your muscles, bread, etc)
H2O + CO2  C6H12O6 + O2
C6H12O6 + O2  H2O + CO2 + ATP energy

16. Structure and Function of Cells

20. B A C D H B E F G G
Plant Cell
Animal Cell

21. Plant Cell

22. E G A F H B D
CELL #2 C

23. G E A F H B C
CELL #2 D

24. A F C G H E
CELL #1 G E A F H B C
CELL #2 D

25. Animal Cell

26. Cell Wall Support and protection
H2O, CO2, O2, and other dissolved minerals can pass through
NOT in animal cells

27. Cell Membrane Doorway of the cell
Controls movement of materials into and out of cells
For animal cells, it also provides protection and support

28. Nucleus Control center of the cell
Regulates and controls all activities of cell
Nuclear membrane – allows materials to pass in/out of nucleus
Chromosomes – genetic information (DNA – deoxyribonucleic acid)
Nucleolus – Make ribosomes

29. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Transportation system
Moves different materials around the cell

30. Golgi Complex Packaging center
Similar to the ER, but smaller and close to nucleus
Packages, processes, and ships out materials from the ER

31. Ribosomes Protein factories
Proteins are made of amino acids – the building blocks of all cells

32. Mitochondria Powerhouse of the cell
Breaks down sugar molecules, releasing LOTS of energy

33. Chloroplasts Food producers In plant cells
Contain chlorophyll  photosynthesis

34. Vacuoles Storage tanks Stores food, water, sometimes wastes
Usually very large in plant cells

35. Lysosomes Clean up crew Digestion
Contain enzymes that break down larger molecules into smaller ones
Can digest parts of the cell if needed

39. The Organization of Life

40. Warm Up 1/5 – What are some everyday examples of cells dividing in your body? ( Hint: Look on page 98)

41. Why Cells Reproduce Have you ever had a hair cut you hated?
If it weren’t for cell reproduction you’d still:
have that terrible haircut.
be wearing a band-aid!
be short.
Have you ever had a hair cut you hated?
Have you ever gotten a paper cut on your finger?
CELL REPRODUCTION in humans is responsible for:
Repair of wounds
Growth
Replacement of lost or damaged cells
Do you remember how short you were in 3rd grade?

42. What Triggers Division?
Remember that a cell stays small because of its surface area to volume relationship.
What determines how long growth will continue before a cell divides?
When a cell grows too large, a signal tells it to divide. This makes it smaller and increases the surface area, making it more efficient.

43. The Cell Cycle

44. The Cell Cycle I P M A T T A M P

45. Cancer Tumor: an abnormal mass of cells
Benign tumor: abnormal mass of essentially normal cells
Malignant tumor: a mass of cancers cells capable of spreading into other parts of the body

46. Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Cytokinesis
46 chromosomes (23 pair) to start with
Just before mitosis begins there are 92 chromosomes
46 chromosomes (23 pair) in each “daughter” cell
Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Cytokinesis

48. Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Cytokinesis