1. Aim: What are carbohydrates and why are they important to living things?

2. What inorganic compounds are essential to living things?
75% H2O
Minerals
Vitamins

3. What organic compounds are essential to living things?
Proteins
Carbohydrates
Nucleic Acids
Lipids

4. Organic and Inorganic Compounds
We are made of organic and inorganic molecules!

5. Carbohydrates organic
are _________ compounds made up of sugar molecules.

6. What is the chemical formula of a carbohydrate?
The basic chemical formula is
C6H12O6
1) How many Carbons?
2) How many Hydrogens?
3) How many Oxygens? 6 12 6

7. The building blocks of carbohydrates are simple sugars.
What are carbohydrates made of?
The building blocks of carbohydrates are simple sugars.
(one sugar molecule)
Ex. Glucose

8. Why is glucose so important in living things?
Glucose is the main fuel
for cellular work!
What does that mean?
ENERGY!

9. What does our body do with glucose when we don’t need it?
Our body will join or combine glucose
molecules into larger carbohydrates
for later use. (Glycogen)
Storage

10. How does our body do this?
Dehydration Synthesis
(Remove water)
(To make/join)

11. Dehydration Synthesis continued…
MONO: ONE
POLY: MANY
Monomers : are the building blocks
polymers: are the chain of monomers
*Which are the monomers and the polymers in the reaction below?
H2O +
Glucose =
monomer
Fructose =
monomer
Sucrose =
polymer

12. Polymers are produced through dehydration synthesis!
Monomers- are small, single units
like glucose and fructose.
Polymers- are a chains of monomers
strung together.
Polymers are produced through
dehydration synthesis!

13. What are Polysaccharides?
Long chains of monomers joined together!
(Many glucose molecules joined together to make a complex sugar!)

14. What are some examples of polysaccharides?
STARCH -
is a found in plant cells.
Ex. Pasta, potatoes, rice
CELLULOSE -
is a found in plant cell walls to help stiffen plants to give them support.
is found in humans. Glycogen is stored in our body cells and is broken down when our body needs energy.
GLYCOGEN -

15. How do we get energy from glycogen?
We break it down = HYDROLYSIS
Energy +
Complex Sugar
H2O
Glucose or
Simple sugar

16. How are polymers broken down?
= Hydrolysis
HYDRO:
LYSIS:
ADD Water (think hydrate)
TO CUT or BREAK DOWN

17. What is the difference? We build a bigger molecule!
We remove water to do it!
We break down a molecule!
We ADD water to do it!

18. Why are Carbohydrates organic?
CHAINS
MANY
Polymers of sugar
used for:
energy storage
& structure
Polysaccharide:
starch
Disaccharide:
sucrose
TWO
Monosaccharide:
glucose
ONE
Give kids Twinkie
Why is it organic?
They contain CARBON and HYDROGEN!