1. Nationalism

2. Nationalism – What is it?
Identify at LEAST characteristics of what you think contributes to nationalism…
What about Stevenson?
1. I can analyze the effects of nationalism on Europe.
2. I can articulate driving forces behind German unification.
3. I can account for why the Hapsburg Empire breaks apart and nationalist sentiments can be found in Southeastern Europe.

3. What is Nationalism?
Belief that one’s greatest loyalty should NOT be to a king or empire, but to nation of people who share a common culture
Having pride and loyalty for your country, patriotism
A single nationality should UNITE under a single government

4. Nationalism,cont Nationalists share common bonds:
Culture, religion, history, language, territory
Most powerful idea of the 1800s
Goes against the Congress of Vienna
Upset the balance of power
Caused by:
Spread of democratic ideals (Enlightenment, Revolutions)
Growth of the middle class (majority rule)

5. Nation-States Unite the people & form a nation-state
Defined: political unit consisting of an independent government & a population sharing a common culture, history, & language
Nation-states in Europe, 1815: France, England, Spain

6. Positives of Nationalism
People within a nation overcoming their differences for the common good
Overthrow of colonial rule
Disrupts aging empires with a mixture of ethnic groups (Austrian, Russian)
Creation of democratic govts
Scientific & technological advancements

7. Negatives of Nationalism
Forced assimilation of minority group
Ethnic cleansing, genocide
Competition between nations lead to war

8. Food for Thought
Do you think nationalism has had a more positive or negative impact on the world?
Which of the bonds used to create nation-states are found in the United States?

9. 3 Types of Nationalist Movements
Unification
Mergers of politically divided but culturally similar lands
Examples: Germany & Italy (1800s)
Separation
Culturally distinct group resists being added to a state or tries to break away
Examples: Greeks in the Ottoman Empire (1830), French-speaking Canadians
State Building
Culturally distinct groups form into a new nation by accepting a single culture
Example: United States
Nationalism disrupts aging empires (have a mixture of ethnic groups, creates unrest)
Austrian Empire of the Hapsburgs
Russian Empire of the Romanovs
Ottoman Empire of the Turks

11. How to Build a Nation-State Germany Examples
Step 1: Territorial Unification
Need to obtain your own land for your country (create national borders)
Problems??
Want to create boundaries around where people spoke their language (Germany- too large of an area)
Who is going to be the head of govt?
REALPOLITIK – politics based on needs of the state at the time

12. Unification Through War
Otto von Bismark
Prime Minister of Prussia, with the support of its king, Wilhelm I, push for German unification
Could achieve his goal through “blood & iron,” built up Prussian army – MILITARISM!
Picked fights with countries as a way to secure power and unify Germany
Austro-Prussian War (Austria defeated)
Franco-Prussian War (France defeated)

14. German Unification German Confederation Conflicting Interests
Group of German states (39), created by Congress of Vienna
Under the control of Austria (refuses to to allow German states to unify)
Conflicting Interests
Revolutions of 1848, had different leadership, aims & outcomes

16. Not that type of Bismark!!!

17. German 2nd Reich
After the French are defeated in the Franco-Prussian War:
Unified Germans under Kaiser Wilhelm I of Prussia
Established German 2nd Reich (empire)
Germany will become a major industrial and military power by 1900
Form an alliance with Austria-Hungary & Italy (Triple Alliance)
Sets the stage for WWI (French/German hatred)

19. Importance of Nationalism
Powerful ideology of 1800s
Shaped countries we have today
Broke the Congress of Vienna
Want to spread their nationality to other territories (imperialism)

20. Step 2: National Unity Education System Universal suffrage (voting)
Educating people on German & Italian cultures (learn language)
Universal suffrage (voting)
Military- fight for your fellow citizens, not for an empire or king
National celebrations/monuments
Can nationalism work with just step 1 or step 2?

21. Consider – Hapsburg Monarchies and Nationalism
How did the desire for national independence among ethnic groups weaken and ultimately destroy the Austrian and Ottoman Empires?

22. Austria Hungary Tidbits
Hapsburgs rule over diverse Central and Eastern European ethnic groups
Industrial ideas spread from Western Europe and challenge traditional life
What are the problems with ruling a multinational empire?

23. Austria Hungary Tidbits
Loss of War of with Prussia leads to the formation of DUAL MONARCHY! – an agreement creating:
Separate states for Austria and Hungary
Independence in terms of separate constitutions and governments

24. CREATE YOUR OWN NATION-STATE!
Task: Your groups are filled with high levels of nationalist sentiment, and you have decided that within the Stevenson High School community that it has come time for the creation of a more unified Stevenson State! Together in your groups, and using the huddle boards, construct what that Stevenson Nation-State would look like?
Here is what your huddle board should have:
A visual of what this Stevenson state would look like.
Identified examples of what the common bonds of your states are.
Other identifying characteristics that make your state unique.
What allows your state to be both powerful and UNITED
You have 10 minutes to accomplish this assignment! You will present your states to the class afterwards.

25. What’s on the quiz? (jot these down maybe?)
Vocabulary discussed: nationalism, unification, realpolitik, militarism, Otto von Bismark, Kaiser, Reich
Common bonds
Belief of nationalism, advantages and disadvantages
Connections to nationalism in United States
German unification (building and strengthening)
Map identification
Blood and iron
Realist leadership (working with Church and Socialists)
Austria-Hungary and nationalism (the other part of the spectrum)