1. THE STRUCTURE OF ISLAMIC TEACHING AND MISUNDERSTANDING ABOUT ISLAM
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2. Islamic religion is derived from revelation (Al Qur’an) and Sunnah (Al Hadits). Meanwhile, Islamic doctrine is the explanation of Islamic religion.
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3. By following the systematic of Iman, Islam, and
Ikhsan which are come from the Hadits of
Muhammad SAW, the structure of Islamic
religion consist of:
Aqidah
Sharia
Akhlaq
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4. (1) Aqidah Etymologically, Aqidah is a binding creed, hasp.
Technically, Aqidah is faith, faith that becomes the guide of life of every adherent of Islam. Therefore, Aqidah always associated with the pillars of faith (arkanul iman) which is the principle of all Islamic doctrine.
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5. The discussion of Aqidah done with science of kalam that discuss and clarify about kalam Ilahi (the divinity); or the science of monotheism (tauhid) that discuss and clarify about the divinity; or usuluddin that discuss and clarify the principles of Islamic religion.
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6. The creed of Islam as stated in the Qur'an and the books of Hadith that contains the Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad SAW needs further detailed by qualified person so that the guidance can be used by Muslims. In the history of Islam which has been running for fourteen centuries, the experts who are qualified are the ulama (people with knowledge) has tried to understand, explore, interpret, and discuss Islamic theology with the science of kalam.
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7. The science of kalam nowadays known as Islamic theology.
According to Ibnu Khaldun, the science of kalam is the science that discuss Aqidah to preserve the faith by using mind.
(Gazalba, 1975: 213)
The science of kalam nowadays known as Islamic theology.
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8. (2) Sharia
Etymologically, Sharia is a way to go by every adherent of Islam.
Technically, Sharia is a set of norms that governs human relationship with Allah, human relationship with other human in social life, human relationship with the objects and the natural environment around him.
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9. The norms formed in:
1. Principle of worship (Ibadah) in a special meaning or called rules of pure worship, managing ways and ceremonies about direct relationship between human with God.
This principle revolves about taharah (purification) and arkanul Islam (the pillars of Islam) that consist of shalat, zakat, shaum (fasting), and hajj.
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10. This principle should not be changed, added, or subtracted
This principle should not be changed, added, or subtracted. Because it is closed, there’s a general principle of it: “All acts prohibited unless the act is set up by Allah SWT and exemplified by Rasulullah SAW.” In this principle of worship, renewal or modernization of worship is banned, but modernization is available only in the tools that used for the implementation of the worship.
If this principle of worship connected with the five principles of Islamic Law, "rules of origin" of worship is prohibition (haram). It means everything in the scope of pure worship is basically prohibited, unless the deed had been commanded by Allah and exemplified by His Prophet.
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11. 2.Principle of muamalah
- governs human relationship with other human and the objects in the society.
- In Al Qur’an and Sunnah, only the main points of this principle that set. The details are open to the mind of qualified person by exercising ijtihad.
- This principle is able to be changed by using interpretation that adjusting the time and place factors.
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12. Because it is opened, there’s a general principle of it: “All acts are allowed, unless the act is prohibited in Al Qur’an and Sunnah”.
If this principle of worship connected with the five principles of Islamic Law, "rules of origin" of muamalah is a might (ja’iz/ibahah). It means everything in the scope of muamalah is basically a might if there’s no prohibition to perform that act and it isn’t contrary to the spirit of Islamic doctrine in general.
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13. The principle of muamalah divided as illustrated in the diagram below:
Munakahat (marriage law)
Principle of civil
relationship
Wirasah (inheritance law)
Etc.
Principle of
Muamalah
Jinayat (criminal law)
Khilafah/al-Ahkam
As-Sulthaniyah
(constitutional law)
principle of public
relationship
Siyar (international law)
Mukhasamat
(procedural law)
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Etc.

14. This principle is studied by the science of fiqh
This principle is studied by the science of fiqh. This science understand and explore the sharia to be formulated into concrete rules that could be implemented in the community.
Considering that sharia is divided into two categories, sharia of worship (ibadah) and sharia of muamalah, so that the science of fiqih is also into science of fiqh ibadah and the science of fiqh muamalah.
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15. AKHLAQ
Akhlaq comes from the word “khuluk” meaning temperament, attitude, character, and morality Akhlaq can be devided into: morals towards the Creator (creator of the universe), among man, and to other creatures.
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16. Islamic morality derrived from the Quran and the –Hadith book
Islamic morality derrived from the Quran and the –Hadith book. Character of the prophet Muhammad is the contents of the Qur'an. Morals can be devided again into: (1) character toward God (Allah), the creator, maintainer and the ruler of the universe. The study, called a character steeped in mysticism (Sufism, within English word: mystic), (2) morality of human beings: eg apply patience, gratitude, is the morality of self, while for the public / other human beings such as justice and truth, and mutual obligations. (3) character toward other than man, the living environment.
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17. Of the three components of Islam, Aqidah, Sharia and Akhlaq, which became the basic framework of doctrine (religion) of Islam, developed system of Islamic philosophy, Islamic legal system, education system of Islam, the Islamic economic system and so on.
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18. The Framework of Islamic Religion
Confidence turned
The Creed or faith that
becomes the guide of life
of every adherent of Islam
Relationship with God
A set of divine norms that governs relations between
Human and nature
Relationship with Human & nature
Human behaviour toward God
and other human and nature
Kalam Science
AQIDAH
principles of Ibadah
ISLAMIC RELIGION
SHARIAH
science of Fiqh
Muamalah
Principles
AKHLAQ
Tasawuf Science
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19. MISUNDERSTANDING ABOUT ISLAM
1.Misunderstood the scope of the teachings of Islam:
Islam sets the human relationship with God & with the environment. They consider the scope of Islamic teachings with other religious teachings
To that end, must study Islam from its main source of the Qur'an and Hadith.
2. Misunderstood the basic framework of Islamic teachings.
One should describes the basic framework of Islamic teachings of creed (Aqidah), Shari'ah & morals (Akhlaq) as unity
Consider the parts of Islamic teaching do not separate from one another. Therefore, in studying the parts of the Islamic teachings should not be separated from each other and should also be linked with human issues and problems in other fields
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20. 3. One misuses the method to study Islam Making the teachings of Islam as an object of study and analysis with analytical method that is incompatible with Islamic teachings. The method should be used in the study of Islam are: According to Ali Shari'ati: since Islam is multidimensional, then the method is used not just by one method, but many methods, such as methods of philosophical, historical and sociological methods, etc.. According to Mukti Ali: the study of Islam needs to be done with scientific approach-doctrinaire or synthetic methods.
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21. The things that must be considered in the study of Islamic Law
Islamic law is a part of the basic framework of Islamic teachings. Islamic law must be associated with faith and morals, because in Islamic law, faith, and decency (ethics /moral) can not be separated - Can not be studied using other legal science (because it is secular) - Islamic law is always associated with some key terms, al shari'ah and fiqh - Islamic law governs the whole system of human relationships, both with God, the self-righteous, Community, and the environment. - Islamic law was studied by using its own methodology of Islamic law (usul al fiqh).
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22. The End
Thank You!
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