1. Circulatory SYSTEM NOTES
Cardiovascular system = Blood, heart and blood flow

2. Intro. to CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
Humans have a closed circulatory system
blood is confined to vessels
5 liters in 1 human = 7-8% of your weight
3 drops of blood is 1 billion RBC
600 RBC = 40 platelets and 1 WBC

3. Blood Components 1. Plasma- liquid contains: clotting factors hormones
Antibodies
Gases, Waste, nutrients

4. Blood Components
2. Erythrocytes- AKA red blood cell
carry hemoglobin,
no nucleus, 120 day life,
cannot repair themselves, Erythropoiesis

6. 3. Leukocytes- white blood Cells
Formed in Bone marrow, fight infection
5 types
Neutrophil - 58%; main defense, phagocytosis
Lymphocyte- 30%; B and T cells, immunity, recognition
Eosinophil- 2%; parasite/allergies
Granulocyte- digestive enzyme

7. 3. Leukocytes- WBC Basophil- 1%, allergies??? Unknown
5 types (continued)
Basophil- 1%, allergies??? Unknown
Granulocyte
Monocyte- 4% creepers
go and live in tissues and come out when needed

9. CLOT it up! 4. Thrombocytes- platelets
clot blood by sticking together and secreting protein called fibrin
super small

10. Blood composition

13. Blood percentages on planet (approx.)
A+ 32% A- 6% = 38%
B+ 9% B- 1% = 11%
AB+ 3% AB- .7% = 4%
Transfusions
Type O Universal donor
Type AB Universal Recipient

14. Rh factor
Rhesus monkey
Either You have the protein (+) or not (-)

16. Cardiovascular SYSTEM
Anatomy & Physiology

17. Cardiovascular Basics
Heart pumps 7,000 L of blood/day
Contracts 2.5 billion times in lifetime
3 major elements:
heart, blood vessels, blood

18. FUNCTION Generating blood pressure Routing blood
(systemic vs. pulmonary)
Ensuring one way blood flow
heart valves
Regulate blood supply
metabolic needs met
Assist immune system

19. Systemic Circuit- pathway between right and left sides of the heart
Pulmonary Circuit- blood flow between right side of the heart to lungs and left side of heart
“LungS lap”
Systemic Circuit- pathway between right and left sides of the heart
“body Lap”

21. THE HEART Cardiac muscle with interconnecting cells 4 chambers:
(Intercalated discs)
4 chambers:
2 atria (left and right)
Auricles (look like ears/flaps)
2 ventricles (left and right)

22. THE HEART Major veins Major arteries
superior vena cava and pulmonary veins
Major arteries
aorta and pulmonary trunk

23. Pathway of blood Superior or inferior vena cava Right atrium
Tricuspid valve
Right ventricle
Pulmonary semilunar valve
Lung
Pulmonary vein
Bicuspid valve
Left ventricle
Aortic semilunar valve
Aorta
Body

25. Epicardium- serous membrane, outer surface
Heart wall
Epicardium- serous membrane, outer surface
Myocardium- middle layer, responsible for contraction
Endocardium- inner surface of heart chambers

26. Blood vessels

27. Blood Vessels network of tubes Arteries → arterioles
move away from heart,
elastic fibers
smooth circular muscles
Veins → venules
moves toward the heart
skeletal muscle contracts to force blood back from legs
1 way valves
when they break → varicose veins form

28. Capillaries- where gas exchange takes place
Tiny, tiny vessels
Capillaries- where gas exchange takes place
1 cell thick
serves respiratory system
Arterioles- microscopic arteries

30. blood moves from high to low pressure
Cardiac blood cycle
blood moves from high to low pressure
Contraction- systole, produce pressure
Relaxation- diastole
Blood pressure
120/ systolic 80-diastolic

31. Cardiac blood cycle
Vasodilation- systole, smooth muscle relax creating wide blood vessels, lower pressure, eliminate excess heat, enhance clotting factors, increase oxygen delivery
Vasoconstriction- diastole, smooth muscle contracts creating narrow blood vessels, retain heat, reduce blood loss, increase blood pressure, epinephrine and caffeine

32. Heart sounds 1st lub (AV valve close, beginning of systole)
2nd dub (aortic/pulmonary semilunar valves close---diastolic beginning, lasts longer)
3rd (occasional)- caused by turbulent blood flow into ventricles

33. Heartbeat
Tachycardia- faster than normal heart rate
Bradycardia- slower than normal HR
Arrhythmia- irregular heart beat

34. Heart Homeostasis
Baroreceptors- monitor blood pressure
Chemoreceptors- monitor pH, oxygen and carbon dioxide

35. EKG/ECG check electrical activity of heart
help diagnosing: Unexplained chest pain, heart disease, check medications, pacemakers, high blood pressure
Lay down, electrodes attach to you, takes about minutes
Normal heart beat = beats per minute
Abnormal = lower than 60 or higher than 100

37. Effects of Exercise on Heart
Strengthening!
Relax, Reduce stress

38. Enlarged Heart (cardiomegaly)
leads to congestive heart failure, cannot pump blood normally, walls become thin and stretch
causes: viral, kidney disease, drug abuse, genetic, HIV
Blood doping- increase RBC, increase concentration of oxygen

40. Cholesterol Good- HDL Bad- LDL Can remove LDL by carrying it to liver
where it can be broken down and removed
Plaque, hardening, clogging can lead to atherosclerosis and heart attack and stroke