1. Digestive Disorders HEARTBURN Acid reflux
burning sensation in throat/chest
Rx – avoid chocolate, coffee,
fried or fatty foods, stop smoking
GERD: gastroesophageal reflux disease
heartburn more than 2-3 times per week

2. Digestive Disorders
HIATAL HERNIA stomach protrudes above the diaphragm through the esophagus
PYLORIC STENOSIS
Narrowing of pyloric sphincter, found in infants
S/S – projectile vomiting
Rx – surgery to stretch pyloric sphincter

3. Digestive Disorders CHOLECYSTITIS Inflammation of gallbladder
CHOLELITHIASIS Gall stones
Small ones may pass
on their own
Large ones can block the bile
duct causes pain (back, shoulders)
N/V after eating
CHOLECYSTECTOMY surgically removed of gallbladder

4. Digestive Disorders LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY
Small abdominal incisions (though belly button area)
allow insertion of surgical instruments and small video camera
Surgeon performs procedure by watching monitor and manipulating instruments
Stomach muscles are not cut, healing is quicker, less risk of infection

5. OR LIVE Gall Bladder disease
Laproscopic Cholecystectomy

6. Digestive Disorders
GASTRITIS – acute or chronic inflammation of the stomach lining
GASTROENTERITIS
Inflammation of mucous membrane lining of stomach and intestine
S/S – diarrhea and vomiting for hours
Complication = dehydration, may need IV fluids

7. Digestive Disorders ULCER
Sore or lesion that forms in the mucosal lining of the stomach/intestines
Cause – H. pylori (bacteria) is primary cause
Lifestyle factors that contribute: cigarette smoking, alcohol, stress, certain drugs
S/S – burning pain in abdomen
Antibiotics , antiacids

8. Digestive Disorders
H. Pylori

9. Digestive Disorders COLITIS (IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME)
Large intestine inflamed
Cause – unknown, stress
seems to make it worse
S/S – episodes of constipation or diarrhea

10. Digestive Disorders APPENDICITIS When appendix becomes inflamed
If it ruptures, bacteria from appendix can spread to peritoneal cavity causing PERITONITIS

11. Digestive Disorders HEPATITIS A (Infectious hepatitis)
Spread through contaminated food or H2O
HEPATITIS B (Serum Hepatitis)
Caused by virus found in blood
Transmitted by blood transfusion or being stuck with contaminated needles (drug addicts)
Health care workers at risk and should be vaccinated

12. Digestive Disorders CIRRHOSIS Chronic, progressive disease of liver
Normal tissue replaced by fibrous connective tissue
75% caused by excessive alcohol consumption
JAUNDICE – yellow color when bile pigment gets in bloodstream

13. Digestive Disorders COLON CANCER
Early detection critical HEMOCCULT – stool slide specimen to look for hidden blood
COLONOSCOPY after age 50
Rx – colon resection
COLOSTOMY – opening in abdomen, healthy bowel brought to skin after cancer removed, pouch worn to collect waste

14. Digestive Disorders
Cancer of the
Ascending colon

15. Digestive Disorders CONSTIPATION When defecation delayed or
feces become dry and hard
Rx – diet with cereals, fruits, vegetables, (roughage) or fiber, drinking plenty of fluids, exercise,