1. Weather and Climate

2. I. Weather
A. what’s happening in the atmosphere at the present place and time.

3. I. Weather
B. Earth as a layered atmosphere. Weather takes place in the troposphere.

4. II. Climate
A. Average weather of an area over a long period of time

5. B.Factors that Affect Climate
1. Latitude
Because Earth is a sphere, the Sun’s rays are concentrated more at the equator, but spread out at higher latitudes

7. B.Factors that Affect Climate
2. Earth’s Tilt
As higher latitudes tilt away from the Sun, they receive even less direct sunlight causing temperature to be cooler.

9. B.Factors that Affect Climate
Oceans and Other Large Bodies of Water
a. High temps cause more evaporation, making tropical areas near the equator humid and rainy.

10. Band shows area of more rapid evaporation rate and higher salinity.

11. B.Factors that Affect Climate
3. Oceans and Other Large Bodies of Water
b. Air traveling over water picks up moisture and moves it over land = more rain or snow on coastline.

12. B. Factors the Affect Climate
Oceans and Other Large Bodies of Water
c. Bodies of water make climates milder by absorbing the sun’s energy and releasing it more slowly than land.

14. B. Factors the Affect Climate
Oceans and Other Large Bodies of Water
d. Warm currents (like the Gulf Stream in Atlantic) and cold currents (like the California Current in Pacific) heat or cool the air above them.

16. B. Factors the Affect Climate
Oceans and Other Large Bodies of Water
e. Sea breezes-During the day, land heats faster than a body of water, so the air above the land becomes warmer. The warm air expands and creates a low-pressure system. The cooler air above the body of water blows inland and under the warm air. At night, the opposite happens.

19. B. Factors the Affect Climate
4. El Nino
Surface water temps rise along the western coast of South America, causing global changes in weather.
“wetter weather” for us

21. C. Global Wind Patterns
1. Earth’s Rotation- causes global winds to curve instead of traveling in a straight line (Coriolis Effect)

23. C. Global Wind Patterns
2. Convection Cells (convection is the movement of matter caused by difference in temperature and pressure)
a. Warm air masses formed at the equator rise and spread north and south.
b. Cold air masses formed at the poles travel toward the equator.

24. .

25. C. Global Wind Patterns 3. Pressure Belts
a. Warm air is less dense and has low pressure.
b. Cold air is more dense and has high pressure.

26. D. Dangerous Weather Systems
Thunderstorms
a. produce lightning, thunder, heavy rains, and high winds (usually follow a cold front)

27. D. Dangerous Weather Systems
Thunderstorms
b. happen most frequently in the Spring and Summer when the ground is warming/warm air is moving north from Mexico and cold air masses move south from Canada

28. D. Dangerous Weather Systems
2. Tornadoes
a. occur because of sudden changes in air pressure or as a fast moving cold front hits a slow moving warm front

29. D. Dangerous Weather Systems
2. Tornadoes
b. spinning columns of air that touch the ground and have a low-pressure center and high wind speeds

30. D. Dangerous Weather Systems
2. Tornadoes
c. usually form on flat, dry land

31. D. Dangerous Weather Systems
2. Tornadoes
d. happen most frequently in the spring and summer when the ground is warming/warm air is moving north from Mexico and cold air masses move south from Canada

32. D. Dangerous Weather Systems
3. Hurricanes
a. occur because of sudden changes in air pressure or as a fast moving cold front hits a slow moving warm front

33. D. Dangerous Weather Systems
3. Hurricanes
b. rotating tropical storms with a calm, low-pressure eye

34. D. Dangerous Weather Systems
3. Hurricanes
c. form over tropical oceans

35. D. Dangerous Weather Systems
3. Hurricanes
d. To avoid hurricanes, the best place to live is inland, in higher latitudes.

36. E. Other Events that Can Affect Weather and Climate
1. volcanic eruptions (fill atmosphere with ash, blocking out sunlight)

37. E. Other Events that Can Affect Weather and Climate
2. clear cutting of trees in the rainforest (increases the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere)

38. F. Safety Tips
1. A cumulonimbus cloud could be a sign of a tornado or thunderstorm.

39. F. Safety Tips
2. Stay inside. Tornadoes move in unpredictable paths.

40. F. Safety Tips
3. Go the basement or an interior room, away from doors and windows.

41. The End