1. Learning about language Direct speech & Indirect speech
Unit 1 Friendship
Learning about language
Grammar
Direct speech & Indirect speech

2. 1. Find the word or expression for each of the following meanings from the text.
outdoors
______________ not inside a building
_________ feeling disturbed
_____________________to be worried about
____________free, not tied up
_______________ to experience something
__________ to take no notice of
_____________ staying close to and looking at somebody
__________ to become quiet after nervous activity
_______________ piece of material hung to cover a window
____________ number of things that happen one after another
upset
be concerned about
loose
go through
ignore
face to face
calm down
curtain
series

3. 2. Answer keys for Ex. 2 on page 4:
upset
Anne’s sister, Margot, was very ______ that the family had to move. However, she knew that she had to _________all the difficulties with her family. She found it difficult to settle and ___________ in the hiding place, because she was _________ whether they would be discovered. She suffered from loneliness, but she had to learn to like it there. What she really missed was going _______ walking the dog for her neighbour. It was such fun to watch it run ___ ___in the park. She wished she could tell her neighbour_________ that she was sorry not to be able to do it any longer, but she knew that was too dangerous.
go through
hide away
concerned about
outdoors
loosely
face to face

4. 3. Answer keys for Ex.3 on page 4:
When the man saw the car accident on the highway, he stopped to offer help.
“How can Linda recover from her illness in this room when it’s so dirty and dusty ? It will only make her worse.” said the doctor.
After Peter died, George set down the story of their friendship in a book.
When the street lights go on at dusk , they make a beautiful picture , so different from the daytime.

5. 5. Good friends do not concern about what they do for each other; instead they offer help when it is needed.
Although Tim and Mike come from entirely different backgrounds, they became close friends.
Please draw the curtain ; the sunlight is too bright.
“Sorry, I didn’t break the plate on purpose .”
“ It’s OK. Don’t worry about it.”

6. Discovering useful structures
Direct and
Indirect Speech

7. I Warming Up
Listen to Anne’s story. The teacher will repeat each sentence after her. Pay attention to how your teacher retells what Anne said. Notice the difference between Anne’s story and your teacher’s retelling of it.

8. Warming Up Pay attention to how your teacher retells what Anne said!
Direct speech
S: My name is Anne Frank and my family is Jewish.
T: She said that her name was Anne Frank and her family was Jewish.
___________
___
___
___
Indirect speech

9. Warming Up Pay attention to how your teacher retells what Anne said!
Direct speech
S: My family and I are hiding in Amsterdam.
T: She said that she and her family were hiding in Amsterdam.
_______
__________
Indirect speech

10. Warming Up Pay attention to how your teacher retells what Anne said!
Direct speech
S: My only true friend is Kitty — my diary.
T: She said that her only true friend was Kitty — her diary.
___________
___
___
Indirect speech

11. Warming Up Pay attention to how your teacher retells what Anne said!
Direct speech
S: After hiding here for a long time, I’ve become crazy about nature.
T: She said that after hiding there for a long time, she had become crazy about nature.
_______
_____
______
Indirect speech

12. II Grammar Study
1. Look at the sentences in Exercise 1 of your Student’s Book on page 5. Work in pairs and identify the difference between direct speech and indirect speech in the sentences.
Differences:
Verb tenses
Pronoun forms
Word order
Adverbials of time /places

13. 2.Grammar: Direct and Indirect Speech (1)
转述他人的陈述→陈述句
2. 转述他人的疑问→一般疑问句
3. 转述他人的问题→特殊疑问句
1) He said , “I’m going to Beijing.”
→ He said that he was going to Beijing.
2) He asked, “Are you a teacher?”
→ He asked me if /whether I was a doctor.
3) She said , “What are you doing?”
→ She asked me what I was doing.

14. 直接引语变成间接引语，句子结构的变化 陈述句
用连词that引导，that在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直接用引语中的said, 也可用told来代替，注意，可以说said that, said to sb. that, told sb. that，不可直接说told that
He said, “I have been to the Great Wall. ”
He said to us that he had been to the Great Wall.
He said, “I'll give you an examination next Monday. ”
He told us that he would give us an examination the next Monday.

15. 解题步骤: 1.陈述句: “I don’t like computers,” Sarah said to her friends.
that
she
didn’t
Sarah
said
Sarah said to her friends that she didn’t like computers.

16. 间接引语用连词whether或if引导，原主句中谓语动词said要改为asked(me/him/us等)，语序是陈述句的语序
一般疑问句
间接引语用连词whether或if引导，原主句中谓语动词said要改为asked(me/him/us等)，语序是陈述句的语序
He said, “Do you have any difficulty with pronunciation?”
He asked (me) whether/if I had any difficulty with my pronunciation.
He said, “You are interested in English, aren't you?”
He asked whether I was interested in English.

17. It is easy to improve the condition of the soil.
2.一般疑问句:
Is it easy to improve the condition of the soil?
( They asked him )
It is easy to improve the condition of the soil.
They asked him if
it is easy to improve the condition of the soil.
asked is
was
They asked him if it was easy to improve the condition of the soil.

18. 特殊疑问句
原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主句的谓语动词用ask(sb. )来表达，语序改为陈述句语序
He said to me，“What's your name?”
He asked me what my name was.
He asked us, “How many car factories have been built in your country?”
He asked us how many car factories had been built in our country.

19. They asked him when he harvested the wheat.
3.特殊疑问句：
When do you harvest the wheat ?
( They asked him )
you harvest the wheat
you harvest the wheat.
They asked him
When he
harvested
They asked him when he harvested the wheat.

20. 选择疑问句
用whether…or…表达，而不用if…or…，也不用either…or…
He asked, “Do you speak English or French?”
He asked me whether I spoke English or French.
I asked, “Will you take bus or take train?”
I asked him whether he would take bus or take train.

21. 在直接引语变为间接引语时需要注意的变化
1. 注意时态的变化
2. 注意人称变化。
3. 注意指示代词的变化
4. 注意时间的变化
5. 注意地点的变化
6. 注意个别趋向动词的变化

22. When you change a sentence from direct speech to indirect speech, you sometimes need to change the verb tense. You may also need to change pronouns , time in order to keep the same meaning.
Direct indirect
Present past
Past past and past perfect
Present perfect past perfect
Past perfect past perfect

23. Try to change direct speech into indirect speech :
He said, “The earth goes around the sun.”
2. He said, “The train leaves at 7:30p.m.”
3. He said, “Rome isn’t built in a day.”
4. Tom said, “I was born in July, 1978.”
5.She says, “I’ll never forget the days in the country.”
He said that the earth goes around the sun.
He said that the train leaves at 7:30p.m.
He said that Rome isn’t built in a day.
Tom said he was born in July, 1978.
She says that she’ll never forget the days in the country.

24. 从句时态无须改变的还有以下情况: 1.主句谓语动词的时态是现在时态，在引述时，时态不变。 2. 当直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状语时
3. 直接引语如果是客观真理，时态不变
4. 当引语是谚语、格言时
5. 当直接引语中有情态动词should, would, could, had better, would rather, might, must, ought to, used to, need时

25. 指示代词 时 间 状 语 地点状语 方向性动词 直接引语 间接引语 this, these that, those now, today
then,
that day
this week
that week
yesterday
the day before
时 间 状 语
last week
the week before
four days ago
four days before
the day before yesterday
two days before
tomorrow
the next day
next month
the next month
地点状语
here
there
方向性动词
come,
bring
go,
take

26. 直接引语中的助动词
间接引语中的助动词
shall
should
Should（不变）
will
would
Would（不变）
may
might
Might（不变）
can
could
Could（不变）
must
Must/had to

27. III Practice Try to do SB P.5 Ex.2
Change the sentences either into direct speech or indirect speech:
1. Anne said that she didn’t know the address of her new home.
2. Anne told her father that she had got tired of looking at nature through dirty curtains and dusty windows.
3. The girl said that she needed to pack up her things in the suitcase very quickly.

28. Practice
4. Her father asked her why she chose/ had chosen her diary and old letters.
5. “Are you very hot with so many clothes on?” Mother asked/said to her.
6. “What else have you hidden under your overcoat?” Margot asked her.
7. “ When shall we go back home?” Anne asked her father.
8. “ Why did you talk so much to that boy?” Father asked Anne.

29. Practice Act out GM: What’s the weather like in…tomorrow?
I can’t hear the man clearly on the TV.
GS: That’s all right. I can help. The man said it
was going to rain.
GM: What did he say about Shanghai?
GS: ….

30. Exercises: 1. He said , “I m afraid I can’t finish this work.”
He said that he was afraid he couldn’t finish that work.
2.He said , “I haven’t heard from him since May.”
3.Tom said “I will see you next week.”
He said that he hadn’t heard from him since May.
Tom said that he would see me the next week.

31. 4. “Why were you late again?” The teacher said to me.
5. “I don’t like swimming,” said Sarah.
6. His friends asked him if he would go to Dalian.
7. “Have you been to Paris?” My classmate asked me.
The teacher asked me why I was late again.
Sarah said she didn’t like swimming.
His friends asked him, “Will you go to Dalian?”
My classmate asked me if I had been to Paris.

32. IV Homework 1. Do WB P.42 Ex.1 2. Review the rules of the changes
from direct speech into indirect speech.

33. Exercises(8m) 1. Jack said to me, “You look worried today.”
Jack told me that ___ worried ___ A. he looks…today B. you look…today C. we looked…that day D. I looked…that day

34. 2. We said to her, “They’re walking through the street now.”
We told her that ___ through the street ___ A. we were walking…then B. you are walking…now C .they were walking…then D. they walking…now

35. 3. Mr Black said, “I have walked a long way this week.”
Mr Black said that __ a long way __. A. I had walked…last week B. he had walked…that week C. I walked…last week D. he has walked…this week

36. 4. The man thought, “I shall take it back tomorrow.”
The man thought that __ take it back ____ A. I shall…tomorrow B. I shall…the next day C. he should…tomorrow D. he would …the next day

37. 5. They said to us, “Are you afraid to leave this house ?”
They asked us ____ afraid to leave _____ house A. that were we…this B. that we were…that C. if were we …this D. if we were…that

38. 6. Jane said, “What did he hear about a week ago?”
Jane asked ____ about _____ A. that he heard…a week ago B. what he had heard…the week before C. what he had herd… a week ago D. if he heard…the week ago

39. 7. She asked, “Whose house will he break into next time ?”
She asked whose house ____ break into _____ A. will he…next time B. would he…the next time C. he would…the next time D. he will…next time

40. 8. Jack said to her, “Where do you spend your holidays
8. Jack said to her, “Where do you spend your holidays?” Jack asked her where ____ holidays A. she spent her B. you spend your C. she spend her D. you spent your

41. 9. Black asked me, “ Why haven’t you left here yet?”
Black asked me why ____ yet A. I hadn’t left there B. I haven’t left here C. hadn’t I left there D. haven’t I left here

42. 10. The teacher asked her, “Does the sun rise in the east ?”
The teacher asked her ___ the sun ___ in the east A. if…rise B. if…rises C. whether…rose D. whether did …rise