1. The Articular System

2. Joint Connection between two bones Joints allow motion
Bear body weight
Provides stability

3. Types of Joints
Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial

4. Fibrous joint Has thin layer of periosteum between the bones
e.g. – sutures of skull

5. 3 types of fibrous joints:
Synarthrosis
thin layer of fibrous periosteum between two bones
no motion between bones
Syndesmosis
great deal of fibrous tissue
small amount of twisting or stretching
e.g.- distal tibiofibular jint
distal radio ulnar joint
Gomphosis
between tooth & wall of its dental socket in mandible & maxilla

6. Cartilaginous joint
Hyaline or fibrocartilage is present between bone surfaces
Vertebral joints: disc of fibro cartilage directly connect bones
1st sternocostal joint: direct connection made by hyaline cartilage

7. Synovial (diarthrodial) joint
No direct union between bone ends
Joint surfaces covered with hyaline (articular) cartilage
Outer layer of capsule by strong fobrous tissue

8. Diarthroidal Joint Classification
Nonaxial
Uniaxial
Biaxial
Triaxial

9. Nonaxial
Linear movement
Flat surfaces of bone glide over each other

10. Uniaxial
Angular movement (hinge)
One plane around one axis

11. Biaxial
Movement in 2 different directions allowed

12. Triaxial(multiaxial)
Motion occurs at 3 axes

13. Joint Structure Bone Ligament- bands of fibrous tissue
Hold ends of bones together
Flexible, but not elastic

14. Joint Capsule Surrounds Protects 2 layers: Synovial membrane
Outer fibrous layer
Inner layer
Synovial membrane
Synovial fluid

15. Cartilage – 3 Types Hyaline (articular) cartilage Fibrocartilage
Meniscus
Intervertebral discs
Labrum
Elastic cartilage
Ear

16. Tendon Connects muscle to bone Tendon sheaths Aponeurosis
Flat tendinous sheet
Linea alba

17. Bursa Fluid filled sac Located in areas of friction
Lined with synovial membrane
Natural vs. Acquired

18. PLANES of the BODY Sagittal plane Frontal plane
Divides body into left and right halves
Flexion/extension
Frontal plane
Divides body into front and back halves
Adduction/abduction
Transverse (Horizontal) plane
Divides body into top and bottom halves
Rotation
Cardinal Planes – divide the body equally

20. Axis Point through center of joint around which the body part rotates
Movement Occurs In a Plane, Around an Axis

21. Sagittal axis
Frontal axis
Vertical axis

22. Degrees of Freedom Number of planes in which a joint can move
Uniaxial joint – one degree of freedom, motion at one axis
Biaxial joint – 2 degrees of freedom, motion at 2 axes
Triaxial joint – 3 degrees of freedom, motion at 3 axes

23. Thank You