1. Non Muscular Anatomy
Hip

2. Hip Joint Articulation between head of femur and acetabulum
Synovial ball and socket joint
Transmits weight from trunk to lower limb
Acetabulum faces laterally, anteriorly and inferiorly
Femoral head faces medially, anteriorly and superiorly
Anterior part of the femoral head articulates with the joint capsule
Acetabulum missing inferiorly forming the “acetabular notch”
Acetabular fossa forms the non-articulating part of the acetabulum

3. Hip - Ligaments Iliofemoral ligament
ASIS and rim of acetabulum, passes obliquely downwards and lateral to the intertrochanteric line on the anterior femoral head
Very strong and think
Closely connected to the joint capsule
Y shaped
Split into two bands
Anterior to the joint

4. Hip - Ligaments Pubofemoral ligament
From the obturator crest and the superior ramus of the pubis to the inferior capsule and iliofemoral ligament
Strengthens the inferior and anterior aspects of the joint capsule
Merges with the inferior band of the iliofemoral ligament

5. Hip - Ligaments Ischiofemoral ligament
From the ischium and acetabulum merging with the capsule posteriorly attaching into the intertrochanteric line of the femur
Spiral ligament
Attaches onto the superior femoral neck and greater trochanter
More posterior

6. Hip – Ligaments – Restraints to Motion

7. Hip – Joint Capsule and Synovial Membrane
Fibrous capsule is very strong
Surrounds the acetabulum and attaches onto the intertrochanteric line of the neck of the femur
Gluteus minimus tendon inserts into the capsule
Synovial membrane lines the internal surface of the capsule
Arises from the acetabular labrum and tranverse ligament to the fovea capitis
Anterior capsule communicates with the psoas bursa

8. Hip – Extracapsular Structures
Transverse ligament of the acetabulum
Completes the inferior decificieny of the acetabular rim
Creates a foramen with the acetabular notch
Vessels and nerves pass through the foramen
Acetabular labrum
Fibrocartilaginous ring around the acetabulum and transverse ligament
Deepens the hip joint increasing joint stability
Acts as a shock absorber
Decreases the force transmitted to the articular cartilage by increasing the surface area of the acetabulum
Provides a seal for the joint to maintain synovial fluid and pressure

9. Hip – Intracapsular Structures
Ligamentum teres
Weak flattened band of connective tissue
Attaches from the adjacent margins of the acetabular notch and the lower border of the transverse ligament and then inserts onto the fovea capitis on the head of the femur
Enclosed in a sleeve of synovial membrane
Therefore intracapsular but extrasynovial
Role of this ligament is unknown as its too weak to provide stability and often not present

10. Hip Capsular Pattern Resting Position Close Packed Position
Flexion, abduction and internal rotation (order varies)
Resting Position
30° Flexion, 30° Abduction, 20° External Rotation
Close Packed Position
End range extension, internal rotation and abduction

11. Hip - Arthrokinematics

12. Hip - Arthrokinematics

13. Hip - Arthrokinematics