1. 9.3 Industrialization Spreads
Describe the growth of population, rural to urban migration, and growth of cities associated with the Industrial Revolution
Understand the connections among natural resources, entrepreneurship, labor, and capital in an industrial economy

2. Why was Britain able to Industrialize?
1. favorable geography
2. financial systems
3. political stability
4. natural resources

3. Britain Spurs U.S. Industrialization
The U.S. possessed the same natural resources that helped Britain industrialize
During the War of 1812-Britain blockaded the U.S., trying to keep it from engaging in international trade
The blockade forced the U.S. to use its own resources to develop independent industries
Those industries would manufacture the goods the U.S. could no longer import

4. Industrial Development in the U.S
Last third of 1800’s brought technological boom due to inventions, resources , and a large urban population’s consumption of manufactured goods
U.S. began industrializing in the textile industry
Britain was eager to keep the secrets of industrialization to themselves, therefore- forbid engineers, mechanics, and tool makers to leave the country

5. QUIZ WIZ
Why did the U.S. began to industrialize? What industry did they start in?
British blockade forced the U.S. to industrialize in the Textile industry

6. He built a spinning machine from memory and a partial design
Samuel Slater
In 1789, Samuel Slater, a young British mill worker emigrated to the United States
He built a spinning machine from memory and a partial design
Within a year, his friend, Moses Brown, opened the first factory in the U.S. to house Slater’s machines in Pawtucket, Rhode Island

7. Further Factory Development
Slater furthered factory development in the U.S. as more and more cities began to create factories to manufacture goods
Thousands of young single women flocked from their rural homes to work as Mill Girls in factory towns
From some it was an alternative to being a servant
They earned higher wages and independence (12 hr days 6 days a week)

8. Women Working in the Mills

9. Created machines from memory which led to the creation of factories
QUIZ WIZ
How is Samuel Slater influential in American Industrialization?
Created machines from memory which led to the creation of factories

10. Rise of Corporations Entrepreneurs-risky businessmen
Sold stock-rights of ownership
Corporation-business owned by stockholders but not personally responsible
Big business controlled entire industries (big profits-cutting the cost of production=long hours & low wages)
Example: Andrew Carnegie created Carnegie Steel Company and John D. Rockefeller created Standard Oil
Lower prices and control all aspect of industry

12. Industrialization Reaches
Continental Europe
European businesses yearned to adopt the “British Miracle”- the result of Britain's profitable new methods of manufacturing goods
Napoleonic Wars widened gap between European countries and Britain by stopping trade, communication, and causing inflation

13. Continental Europe Industrializes
Beginnings in Belgium because of iron, coal, and waterways.
Germany industrializes scattered industrialization appeared. They also built railroads to link cities/resources. Economic strength lead to military giant

14. Expansion Throughout Europe
Industrialization progressed by region, not country
Growth occurred in France due to railroad construction
Some countries did not industrialize because of delays in social structure, the government ,or a lack of factors of production

15. Natural Resources, Trade access, railways
QUIZ WIZ
What patterns have you seen in the ability for countries to industrialize?
Natural Resources, Trade access, railways

16. Rise of Global Inequality
Industrialization widened the gap between industrialized and non-industrialized countries
To keep factories running and workers fed, industrialized countries required a steady supply of raw materials
Colonies were seized for economic resources
Imperialism was born out of the cycle of industrialization, the development of new markets throughout the world, and the need for resources to supply the factories of Europe
RAW MATERIALS

18. Transformation of Society
Revolutions in agriculture, production, transportation, and communication
Development of a middle class brought opportunities for education and democratic participation
Changed the lives of people in Western Europe & the U.S.
It gave Europe tremendous economic power
Europe was able to produce goods fast & cheap
Asia & Africa were agricultural based with small workshops

19. How did industrialization lead to global inequality?
QUIZ WIZ
How did industrialization lead to global inequality?
Widened the gap between industrialized and non-industrialized countries also leading to imperialism

20. Labor Unions Develop

21. Labor Unions Want We Union: Voluntary labor association
Strike: Refuse to work
Labor unions strived to improve working conditions and benefits for the workers.
Owners of large corporations opposed the formation of labor unions
Unions were denied by government as a threat to social stability in Britain
Want We
Workers Rights

22. Why are unions good? Provide workers with: safer conditions higher pay
Legal protection

23. Negatives of Unions Employers have little flexibility
A decline in the value of merit
Products made by union workers may cost more

24. Harshness of working conditions
QUIZ WIZ
Why was there a need for labor unions to be created during the Industrial Revolution?
Harshness of working conditions

25. Reform No More Factory Act of 1833-illegal to hire children under 9
Children 9-12 couldn’t work more than 8 hrs
1842-women and children not allowed to work in underground mines
Unions had child labor banned and set maximum working hours
No More 25

26. The Reform Movement Spreads
Abolition of slavery
(Britain) 1833
Fight for women’s rights continue
Free schooling
Reforming prisons 26

27. QUIZ WIZ How did the reform movement help benefit society?
Changed working conditions
Set laws and restrictions
Abolished slavery
Helped schools and prisons