1. AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHY CH. 7 CLASS NOTES
Policy Responses to
Demographic Changes

4. (Matrix Scene)

5. Gov’t Population Policies
1. EXPANSIVE POPULATION POLICIES-

6. Why does Singapore need Expansive Policies?
Contracting Pop Pyramids / Dependency Ratio

7. Singapore Demographic History

8. 2. Restrictive Population Policies

10. What has caused Birth Rates to fall?

12. What has caused Birth Rates to fall?

14. 3. EUGENIC POPULATION POLICIES –

15. Eugenic Policy Results???

16. CHINA CASE STUDY
1979 – China’s One Child Policy

17. Some Rules Forced families to register births
After 1 child – forced to use contraception
If 2nd child born – one parent had to be sterilized
(Some limited exceptions)

18. Reactions Protesting of the Law World criticism
PEOPLE (farming families need bodies to farm, so they defy the gov’t)
Kept pregnant women out of sight
Did not register births
Dodged gov’t inspectors

19. GOV’T ( harsh consequences on people who violated rules )
Fired from jobs
Land taken away
Women arrested and under forced abortion / sterilization
In first 6 years – 70 million abortions
In 1980s – 20 million people sterilized annually (3:1 women to men)

20. Long term Effects of One Child Policy???

21. Estimated 400 Million births prevented
“Missing Women” of China
Female Abortions / Infanticide / Abandonment
Birth Ratio of 117:100 now
Gender Imbalance
24 million more men than women of marriage age by 2020

22. Revisions to the Policy
Phase out Begins
Children of “One Child Generation” can have 2 children now
Harsh laws against female infanticide & sex-selective abortions
Ultrasound technology illegal

23. World TFRs https://www.indexmundi.com/g/r.aspx?v=31 China TFR

24. USA Population BABY BOOM (1946 - 1964) BABY BUST (1964 – 1975)
Immigration

25. U.S. Birth Rates

28. USA Immigration Laws USA 1882 – Chinese Exclusion Act
Designed to restrict Chinese immigrants to USA
1924 – National Origins Act
European Immigration shifts from N. Europe to SE Europe
Act set up QUOTA SYSTEM limiting number of immigrants per country

30. International (Global) Population Policies
Why Difficult to reach Agreement on???

31. Paul Ehrlich – USA The Population Bomb (1968)
“A cancer is an uncontrolled multiplication of cells; the population explosion is an uncontrolled multiplication of people.
Treating only the symptoms of cancer may make the victim more comfortable at first, but eventually he dies - often horribly.
A similar fate awaits a world with a population explosion if only the symptoms are treated. We must shift our efforts from treatment of the symptoms to the cutting out of the cancer.
The operation will demand many apparent brutal and heartless decisions. The pain may be intense. But the disease is so far advanced that only with radical surgery does the patient have a chance to survive.”