1. Hydrogen technology and storage systems for Wind farms and renewable energy sources
Presentation by
Shreenithi Lakshmi Narasimhan
University of Illinois at Chicago

2. OUTLINE Wind-Hydrogen system concept
Wind Power and large scale hydrogen production and storage for sustained power supply
Options for viable systems
Harnessing power of hydrogen and renewables
Current status and future expansion on electrolysers, stationary storage and pipelines for hydrogen delivery

3. AIM 100% renewable as early as possible
Hydrogen integrated with renewable resources
Hydrogen storage and usage enhancement

4. Levels of conventional and renewable energy- US grid

5. Why the requirement for energy storage?
Reduce the generation-demand mismatch
Increase the reliability of the power system
Enhance the grid quality of electricity

6. Wind Power and large scale hydrogen production
Replacing fossil fuel implies the need to scale up hydrogen production, storage and delivery system to an industrial level
US hydrogen production: 84% production via natural gas reforming.
This could be made sustainable by solar steam reforming- employing solar for steam reforming.

7. Wind Power and large scale hydrogen production
OPPUTUNITY: Requirement for cleaner urban environment -Necessity to reduce green house gases -reduce the dependency on oil for Hydrogen production
COMPETITION: Gasoline with low COE -$1.50/gal; $14/MBTU; $0.05/kWh
GOAL: Department of Energy Hydrogen cost target -$2/kg; $0.06/kWh
CATALYST: Wind power cost of electricity (COE) -the prices are already down to $0.04/kWh

8. Wind-Hydrogen system concept
Electrolyzer
Water purification
Regulators
- Gas dryer
Shutdown Switch
etc.
Hydrogen
Storage
Grid
H2 Gas + - V
Water
Supply
H2 Trucking
H2 Pipeline
O2 Gas
Peak Shaving
ICE/Fuel Cell
Power Conditioner
-Grid Interconnector
-Max Power Tracker
-AC/DC converter
-Power Supply Switch
-etc.
Control
Systems
Local H2 Use

9. Options for viable hydrogen-wind systems
STAND-ALONE WIND-HYDROGEN SYSTEM -Wind hybrid systems -Hydrogen refueling stations in remote or isolated areas -Wind-electrolysis-Fuel cell
GRID CONNECTED SYSTEM -Dedicated Hydrogen production -Off peak hydrogen production -Full Off peak Hydrogen production
100
Percent
0:00
06:00
12:00
18:00
24:00 75
Time of Day H 2
Production
Electricity
Dedicated Hydrogen Production
Hydrogen Off-Peak, Electricity On-Peak
Hydrogen Off-Peak, Hydrogen+Electricity On-Peak

10. Options for sustained renewable system alternatives
Solar steam reforming It could be used for steam reforming to make it more sustainable.
Renewable and hydrogen technology integration Along with wind energy, other renewable sources can be integrated with hydrogen technology, for a more sustained option of energy generation.

11. System components- Hydrogen technology
Electrolyser
Fuel cell
Transportation
Storage

12. Electrolyser technologies
Stuart Electrolyzer
CURRENT - Operating Efficiency 60-70% -Temperature 80ºC -Pressure (1-25)atm -Cost $( )kW
FUTURE REQUIREMENTS: Increase capacity, efficiency and reduce cost -Industrial scale up of electrolyser- in MW -Cost $( )/kW -Integration with renewables - Efficiency of 80-90%

13. Stationary storage challenges
CURRENT STATUS
Compression High energy consumption: losses 15-30% High capital cost for large quantity storage: $ /kW Pressure to bar
Liquefaction High energy consumption: losses 40-50% High capital cost: $ /kW
Compressed storage Large space required for large quantity storage: limited by pressure
Liquid storage Boil-off: %/day
FUTURE REQUIREMENTS -Larger capacity -Low cost -Low pressure solid state metal hydride, chemical hydride
-Current focus on vehicle storage -Large scale storage options under research

14. Pipelines for hydrogen delivery
Needs
Reduction in cost of pipelines
options for use of NG or oil pipelines by modification
High pressure hydrogen= new pipeline designs
Pipeline safety management

15. Possibilities of integration of hydrogen and renewable resources
Top green energy resource
Strong government policies for decarbonization of grid and increased hydrogen use

16. Harnessing the full power of hydrogen with renewables
Supports a wide variety of applications- positive scalability
On going projects pertaining to accountability of hydrogen technologies with renewable sources DON QUICHOTE:
Demonstrate the technical and economical readiness of integrated hydrogen storage systems for renewable electricity linked to hydrogen re-fuelling facility
Generate fact based data for exploitation of renewable electricity to hydrogen fuelled sustainable mobility HYBALANCE:
Based on power to gas option, power to hydrogen
Simulatneously supply hydrogen to more than one type of end user
Demonstrating the feasibility of central large scale electrolysers in providing grid services and hydrogen distribution and supply to multiple high value markets

17. Summary Hydrogen production and utilization is feasible
Current technologies need to be updated due to high cost and lower efficiencies
Hybridization of Wind with hydrogen technologies with existing and future framework