1. As you learned in Lección 2, the command forms are used to give orders or advice. Formal commands are used with people you address as usted or ustedes. Observe these examples, then study the chart.
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2. The usted and ustedes commands, like the negative tú commands, are formed by dropping the final -o of the yo form of the present tense and adding the OPPOSITE vowel endings. For -ar verbs, add -e or -en. For -er and -ir verbs, add -a or -an.

3. Endings AR ER e Ir E EMOS A AMOS ES X AS X E EN A AN
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4. Verbs with irregular yo forms maintain the same irregularity in their formal commands. These verbs include conducer to drive conduzco, conocer to know conozco, decir to say or to tell digo, hacer to do/make hago, ofrecer to offer ofrezco, oír to hear oigo, poner to place/put pongo, salir to leave/go out salgo, tener to have tengo, traducir translate traduzco, traer to bring traigo, venir to come vengo, and ver to see/watch veo.
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5. Note also that verbs maintain their stem changes (zapato verbs) in usted and ustedes commands.
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6. Verbs ending in -car, -gar, and -zar have a spelling change in the command forms.
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7. These verbs have irregular formal commands.
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8. To make a formal command negative, simply place no before the verb.
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9. In affirmative commands, reflexive, indirect, and direct object pronouns are always attached to the end of the verb.
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10. ¡Atención! When a pronoun is attached to an affirmative command that has two or more syllables, an accent mark is added to maintain the original stress.
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11. In negative commands, these pronouns always precede the verb.
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12. Usted and ustedes can be used with the command forms to strike a more formal tone. In such instances they follow the command form.
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13. Indica los mandatos (commands) afirmativos y negativos correspondientes.
escucharlo (Ud.) _____________. _____________.
decírmelo (Uds.) _____________. _____________.
salir (Ud.) _____________. _____________.
servírnoslo (Uds.) _____________. _____________.
barrerla (Ud.) _____________. _____________.
hacerlo (Ud.) _____________. _____________.
Escúchelo No lo escuche
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14. Indica los mandatos (commands) afirmativos y negativos correspondientes.
Dust them (Ud.) _____________. _____________.
Get out of it (reflexive) (Uds.) _____________. _____________.
Prepare it (Ud.) _____________. _____________.
Tidy it (Uds.) _____________. _____________.
Drive them (Ud.) _____________. _____________.
Wash them (Ud.) _____________. _____________.
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